The U.S. Air Force physical fitness assessment (PFA) is used to determine the overall fitness of their personnel. It is currently unknown to what extent the PFA scores of Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC...
High-dependency units (HDUs) provide high-level care to patients who suffer from single organ failure, with the exception of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation; HDUs serve as an intermediary ...
Authors: Chen Li, Hai-Bin Su, Xiao-Yan Liu, Li-Na Zhang and Jin-Hua Hu
Evidence-based treatments for service-related health conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are not effective for all veterans. Equine-assisted in...
Authors: Adam R. Kinney, Aaron M. Eakman, Rebecca Lassell and Wendy Wood
The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) between matched groups of military veterans and civilian patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis (OA).
Authors: Kate N. Jochimsen, Cale A. Jacobs and Stephen T. Duncan
Dietary Reference Intakes are used to guide the energy intake of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) field rations provided to military personnel deployed for training or operations. However, the high energy expen...
Authors: Mavra Ahmed, Iva Mandic, Wendy Lou, Len Goodman, Ira Jacobs and Mary R. L’Abbé
In modern warfare, therapy for combat injury is a critical issue to improve personnel survival and battle effectiveness. Be limited to the severe circumstance in the distant battlefield, quick and effective tr...
The exogenous application of low-intensity electric stimulation (ES) may mimic a natural endogenous bioelectric current and accelerate the repair process of skin wounds. This study designed a novel microcurren...
Authors: Chao Yu, Zhi-Xiu Xu, Yan-Hui Hao, Ya-Bing Gao, Bin-Wei Yao, Jing Zhang, Bing Wang, Zong-Qian Hu and Rui-Yun Peng
In the military, insufficient postural stability is a risk factor for developing lower extremity injuries. Postural stability training programs are effective in preventing these injuries. However, an objective...
Authors: Saskia Maria Theresia van der Heijden, Maarten Reinders Prins and Peter van der Wurff
Deep body temperature is a critical indicator of heat strain. However, direct measures are often invasive, costly, and difficult to implement in the field. This study assessed the agreement between deep body t...
Authors: Andrew P. Hunt, Mark J. Buller, Matthew J. Maley, Joseph T. Costello and Ian B. Stewart
Since the 1970s, terrorist bombings in subways have been frequently occurring worldwide. To cope with this threat and to provide medical response countermeasures, we analyzed the characteristics of subway bomb...
Orbital fractures are common injuries found in facial trauma. Typical etiologies of orbital fractures include motor vehicle collisions and assault. We report the case of a 32-year-old male who suffered an orbi...
Authors: Timothy E. Holland, David M. Smith, Guy N. Gibson and Jared G. Brinkerhoff
Visual prostheses serve to restore visual function following acquired blindness. Acquired blindness (as opposed to congenital blindness) has many causes, including diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, glauco...
In this letter to the Editor, we would like to comment on the article by Betcher et al., concerning the possibility of teaching military trainees to obtain accurate optic nerve sheath diameter measurements, us...
Authors: Maddalena De Bernardo, Livio Vitiello, Palmiro Cornetta and Nicola Rosa
Sleep disorders frequently occur in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients. Chronic insomnia is a common feature of and criteria for the diagnosis of PTSD. Another sleep disorder, obstructive sleep apne...
Authors: Barry J. Krakow, Natalia D. McIver, Jessica J. Obando and Victor A. Ulibarri
The prevalence of obesity has been increasing in both males and females worldwide. In Thailand, the National Health Examination Surveys reported that the prevalence of obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2) am...
Authors: Panadda Hatthachote, Ram Rangsin, Mathirut Mungthin and Boonsub Sakboonyarat
The aim of this work is to detect and compare the peripheral blood miRNA expression profiles in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) 2, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after injury at high altitude and to p...
Authors: Si-qing Ma, Xue-xia Xu, Zong-zhao He, Xin-hui Li and Jun-ming Luo
With improvements in personnel and vehicular body armor, robust casualty evacuation capabilities, and damage control resuscitation strategies, more combat casualties are surviving to reach higher levels of car...
Authors: Kelly B. Thompson, Luke T. Krispinsky and Ryan J. Stark
This study examines the relationship between coping strategies and symptoms of anxiety or depression among Dutch servicemembers deployed to Afghanistan.
Authors: Loes G. M. de Kruijff, Olivia R. M. Moussault, Marie-Christine J. Plat, Rigo Hoencamp and Peter van der Wurff
Inhalation injury is often associated with burns and significantly increases morbidity and mortality. The main toxic components of fire smoke are carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and irritants. In the case o...
Authors: Tian-Tian Yan, Guo-An Lin, Min-Jie Wang, Andreas Lamkowski, Matthias Port and Alexis Rump
The impact of combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan on the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military service members has been poorly quantified. The purpose of this study was to examin...
Authors: Kenneth L. Cameron, Rodney X. Sturdivant and Susan P. Baker
Since 2001, the French Armed Forces have sustained many casualties during the Global War on Terror; however, even today, there is no French Military trauma registry. Some French service members (SMs) were trea...
Authors: Marc A. Schweizer, Jud C. Janak, Zsolt T. Stockinger and Tristan Monchal
The battlefield treatments of spinal and spinal cord injury vary from civilian settings. However, there is no unified battlefield treatment guidelines for spine trauma in PLA. An expert consensus is reached, b...
Authors: Zhao-wen Zong, Hao Qin, Si-xu Chen, Jia-zhi Yang, Lei Yang, Lin Zhang, Wen-qiong Du, Xin Zhong, Ren-jie Zhou, Dan Tan and Hao Wu
Art therapies are a broad suite of treatments including drawing, painting and music that can facilitate non-verbal communication through artistic expression. They have been used as adjunctive therapies for a r...
Zinner syndrome represents a rare congenital malformation of the urinary tract. It comprises a constellation of Wolffian duct anomalies and is almost exclusively encountered as a classic triad of seminal vesic...
Authors: Evangelos N. Symeonidis, Chrysovalantis Gkekas, Ioannis Tsifountoudis, Asterios Symeonidis, Christos Georgiadis, Vasileios Kalyvas, Apostolos Malioris and Michail Papathanasiou
Pharyngeal and anorectal reservoirs of gonorrhea (GC) and chlamydia (CT) are increasingly recognized among heterosexual women. While a number of studies performed at sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics ...
Authors: Robert Deiss, Morgan Byrne, Sara M. Echols, Stephanie M. Cammarata, Lynda Potswald, Eduardo Gomez, Jennifer A. Curry, Eric Garges, Grace Macalino, Brian K. Agan and Mary F. Bavaro
It remains unclear if ad libitum water drinking, as a hydration strategy, prevents exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) during prolonged exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of EAH ...
Authors: Heinrich W. Nolte, Kim Nolte and Tamara Hew-Butler
Research has been conducted to assess the effectiveness of weight management, dietary and physical activity interventions in military settings. However, a recent and comprehensive overview is lacking. The aim ...
Authors: Ahmad M. Malkawi, Ree M. Meertens, Stef P. J. Kremers and Ester F. C. Sleddens
Identification of elevated intracranial pressure is important following traumatic brain injury. We assessed the feasibility of educating military trainees on accurately obtaining optic nerve sheath diameter me...
Authors: Joseph Betcher, Torben K. Becker, Peter Stoyanoff, Jim Cranford and Nik Theyyunni
Military families who have a family member with a mental illness see themselves confronted with many demands. Stigmatization is one of these challenges. Stigmatization affects not only the individual who suffe...
Authors: Katrin Schuy, Simone Dors, Loni Brants, Marie Horzetzky, Gerd Willmund, Andreas Ströhle, Peter Zimmermann, Heinrich Rau and Stefan Siegel
Recently, the definition of sepsis was concluded to be a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Severe patients always present with uncorrectable hypotension or...
Authors: Hui Zhang, Yong-wen Feng and Yong-ming Yao
It is crucial for the army to know the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome in active-duty army personnel. Little information has been reported on the prevalence of OSA and clinical features in...
This commentary addresses the article by Wu et al. entitled “On-orbit sleep problems of astronauts and countermeasures”. In this article, the authors discussed the sleep problems of astronauts. Despite its cha...
Authors: Joseph John Bevelacqua and Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
Historically, sexually transmitted infections have affected the health of the U.S. military. To determine whether gonorrhea, bacterial vaginosis, genital herpes, and trichomoniasis are predictors of repeat chl...
Authors: Christian T. Bautista, Eyako K. Wurapa, Warren B. Sateren, Bruce P. Hollingsworth and Jose L. Sanchez
Despite efforts in prevention and intensive care, trauma and subsequent sepsis are still associated with a high mortality rate. Traumatic injury remains the main cause of death in people younger than 45 years ...
Authors: Florian Bösch, Martin K. Angele and Irshad H. Chaudry
The emergency treatment of thoracic injuries varies of general conditions and modern warfare. However, there are no unified battlefield treatment guidelines for thoracic injuries in the Chinese People’s Libera...
Authors: Zhao-Wen Zong, Zhi-Nong Wang, Si-Xu Chen, Hao Qin, Lian-Yang Zhang, Yue Shen, Lei Yang, Wen-Qiong Du, Can Chen, Xin Zhong, Lin Zhang, Jiang-Tao Huo, Li-Ping Kuai, Li-Xin Shu, Guo-Fu Du and Yu-Feng Zhao
Hypoxia is a primary cause of mountain sickness and a common pathological condition in patients with heart failure, shock, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thus far, little advancement...
Authors: Gang Xu, Yu-Qi Gao, Yi-Xing Gao, Gang Wu, Jian-Yang Zhang and Wen-Xiang Gao
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic impairment disorder that occurs after exposure to traumatic events. This disorder can result in a disturbance to individual and family functioning, causing sig...
Authors: Xue-Rong Miao, Qian-Bo Chen, Kai Wei, Kun-Ming Tao and Zhi-Jie Lu
Junctional hemorrhage surpassed extremity hemorrhage as the leading cause of preventable death after the resurgence of limb tourniquets during the recent conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. Junctional tournique...
Authors: Ismael Flecha, Jason F. Naylor, Steven G. Schauer, Ryan A. Curtis and Cord W. Cunningham
AEOL-10150 is a broad-spectrum metalloporphyrin superoxidase dismutase (SOD) mimic specifically designed to neutralize reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Research has shown that AEOL-10150 is a potent medic...
Authors: Xiao-rui Zhang, Wen-xia Zhou and Yong-xiang Zhang
The pubic region is often involved in accidental hot water or soup-spill burns. Most of these wounds are superficial partial thickness burns. Due to their proximity to the urinary system, as well as vaginal an...
Authors: Jia-Jun Feng, Jia Le See, Abby Choke, Adrian Ooi and Si Jack Chong
Heavy backpacks are often used by soldiers and firefighters. Weight carrying could reduce the speed and efficiency in task completion by altering the foot sole sensitivity and postural control.
Authors: Yves Jammes, Eva Ferrand, Corentin Fraud, Alain Boussuges and Jean Paul Weber
A wide spectrum of scenarios may lead to radiation incidents and the liberation of radioactive material. In the case of a terrorist attack by a “dirty bomb”, there is a risk of mechanical and thermal trauma, e...
Authors: Alexis Rump, Benjamin Becker, Stefan Eder, Andreas Lamkowski, Michael Abend and Matthias Port
Research indicates that Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has an extensive impact on family relationships. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of empirically supported interventions addressing family functionin...
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major component of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) following pulmonary and systemic infection. Alveolar macrophages (AMϕ) are at the center of ALI pathogenesis. Emerging...
Authors: Zhi-Gang Li, Melanie J. Scott, Tomasz Brzóska, Prithu Sundd, Yue-Hua Li, Timothy R. Billiar, Mark A. Wilson, Ping Wang and Jie Fan
The activities carried out by soldiers in the army involve great physical demands and require intense trainings to perform combat-specific tasks. Musculoskeletal injury is a potential threat to the health and ...
Authors: Michele Zukauskas de Andrade Gomes and Carlos Eduardo Pinfildi
