Articles

Changing paradigms in lower extremity reconstruction in war-related injuries

Ballistic high-energy trauma has substantially increased the severity of non-fatal extremity injuries incurred in modern warfare. Expedient medical care, refinement in surgical techniques, and soft tissue cove...

Authors: Margaret Connolly, Zuhaib R. Ibrahim and Owen N. Johnson III

Exertional heat stroke in a young military trainee: is it preventable?

Heat stroke is a life-threatening condition with exertional heat stroke occurring frequently among soldiers and athletes. Because of its common occurrence, many military trainees practice preventive measures p...

Authors: Buddhika T. B. Wijerathne, Senaka D. Pilapitiya, Vadivel Vijitharan, Mohammed M. F. Farah, Yashodhara V. M. Wimalasooriya and Sisira H Siribaddana

A meta-analysis of the success rates of heartbeat restoration within the platinum 10 min among outpatients suffering from sudden cardiac arrest in China

The optimal time to save a person who has had a sudden cardiac arrest is within the first few minutes of the incident. Early compression and early defibrillation should be performed at this time. Timeliness is...

Authors: Xiang-Min Gu, Zhi-Hui Li, Zhong-jie He, Zhe-Wei Zhao and Shuang-Qing Liu

Investigation of the usefulness of zaleplon at two doses to induce afternoon-sleep under noise interference and its effects on psychomotor performance and vestibular function

Military operation personnel often suffer from sleep difficulty because of their work requirements. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of zaleplon at two doses to induce afternoon-sleep under noise in...

Authors: Liang-En Chen, An-Dong Zhao, Qing-Jun Zhang, Feng Wu, Zhao-Li Ge, Hua Ge and Hao Zhan

Bacterial vaginosis: a synthesis of the literature on etiology, prevalence, risk factors, and relationship with chlamydia and gonorrhea infections

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal disorder in women of reproductive age. Since the initial work of Leopoldo in 1953 and Gardner and Dukes in 1955, researchers have not been able to identify the caus...

Authors: Christian T. Bautista, Eyako Wurapa, Warren B. Sateren, Sara Morris, Bruce Hollingsworth and Jose L. Sanchez

An economic analysis of varicella immunization in the Singapore military

Varicella outbreaks occur frequently in closed environments such as those of militaries. This paper compares the economic outcomes of varicella vaccination in enlisted servicemen without prior reported varicel...

Authors: Jake J. K. Goh, Marc Ho, W. M. Koh and Vernon J. Lee

Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy

Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (ITON) refers to optic nerve injury resulting from impact remote to the optic nerve. The mechanism of injury is not understood, and there are no confirmed protocols for prev...

Authors: Eric L. Singman, Nitin Daphalapurkar, Helen White, Thao D. Nguyen, Lijo Panghat, Jessica Chang and Timothy McCulley

Expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment for heat stroke

Heat stroke is a life-threatening disease characterized clinically by central nervous system dysfunction and severe hyperthermia (core temperature rises to higher than 40 °C). The unchecked rise of body core t...

Authors:

Adherence to acne treatment guidelines in the military environment - a descriptive, serial cross-sectional study

Acne vulgaris, a common skin disease, affects up to 80 % of the population. Moderate to severe acne requires treatment with a combination of topical and oral drugs such as antibiotics, hormones and retinoids. ...

Authors: Chen Fleischmann, Lior Cohen, Elimelech Adams and Michael Hartal

The effectiveness of the department of defense’s field manual 3-11 in detecting, deterring and degrading the breach of a combat base by a human-borne with bioagent (HBBA): perceptions of security personnel

The department of defense’s FM 3-11 is among the military’s field manuals for preparing for, reacting to and recovering from chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear attacks. Since post 9-11, U.S. milita...

Authors: George Edafese Alakpa and John W. Collins Jr

Improvement in the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease with dobesilate eye drops

Dry eye is a multifactor disease of the tear film and ocular surface that substantially affects quality of life.

Authors: Pedro Cuevas, Luis Antonio Outeiriño, Carlos Azanza, Javier Angulo and Guillermo Giménez-Gallego

The possibility of a human-borne with bioagent (HBBA) terrorist at foreign FOB ECPs: the perceptions of U.S. military or security personnel, a preliminary report

The global war on terrorism has prompted an increase in the deployment of security personnel from multi-national forces on foreign lands, especially in places where known terrorist groups are based. The aim of...

Authors: George Edafese Alakpa and John W. Collins Jr

Beer, wine and lifestyle: a cross-sectional study of the Belgian military population

A reduction in mortality associated with wine drinking compared to beer drinking has been suggested in the past. A recent meta-analysis could not confirm the observed differential effect. Other characteristics...

Authors: Patrick Mullie and Peter Clarys

Syncope as a health risk for soldiers - influence of medical history and clinical findings on the sensitivity of head-up tilt table testing

Syncope is a relevant health problem in military environments. Reliable diagnosis is challenging. Tilt table testing is an important tool for syncope diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether s...

Authors: Hans-Joachim Gilfrich, Lena Marie Heidelmann, Franziska Grube, Hagen Frickmann and Sven Andreas Jungblut

Executive functioning in TBI from rehabilitation to social reintegration: COMPASS ^goal, a randomized controlled trial (grant: 1I01RX000637-01A3 by the VA ORD RR&D, 2013–2016)

Traumatic brain injury is a major health problem that frequently leads to deficits in executive function. Self-regulation processes, such as goal-setting, may become disordered after traumatic brain injury, pa...

Authors: Alexander V. Libin, Joel Scholten, Manon Maitland Schladen, Ellen Danford, Nawar Shara, Walter Penk, Jordan Grafman, Linda Resnik, Dwan Bruner, Samantha Cichon, Miriam Philmon, Brenda Tsai, Marc Blackman and Alexander Dromerick

The role of hazard vulnerability assessments in disaster preparedness and prevention in China

China is prone to disasters and escalating disaster losses. Effective disaster mitigation is the foundation for efficient disaster response and rescue and for reducing the degree of hazardous impacts on the po...

Authors: Yan Du, Yibo Ding, Zixiong Li and Guangwen Cao

Mental health disorders in child and adolescent survivors of post-war landmine explosions

To describe the mental health status of 78 child and adolescent survivors of post-war landmine explosions.

Authors: Mohammad Ali Hemmati, Hamid Shokoohi, Mehdi Masoumi, Shahriar Khateri, Mohammadreza Soroush, Ehsan Modirian, Mahtab Poor Zamany Nejat Kermany, Maryam Hosseini and Batool Mousavi

Depression in military medicine cadets: a cross-sectional study

Military medicine cadets undergo strenuous military training alongside demanding medical studies. This stressful and complex educational environment can lead to the emergence of depressive symptoms. We investi...

Authors: Dimitrios Nasioudis, Leonidas Palaiodimos, Matthaios Dagiasis, Angeliki Katsarou and Evangelos Ntouros

Relative longevity among retired military personnel: a historical-cohort study

Occupation is a significant factor affecting life, health and well-being. Long-term military service is a unique career path that may have an influence on life expectancy, even after excluding obvious risks su...

Authors: Michael Hartal, Yitshak Kreiss and Nirit Yavnai

A specific objective supplemental factor in evaluating acute mountain sickness: ΔHR in combination with SaO₂

So far, there have been no measurements confirmed useful in diagnosing acute mountain sickness (AMS). The aim of this study was to determine the role of heart rate (HR) difference (ΔHR) and oxygen saturation ( Sa...

Authors: Ming Li, Ji-Hang Zhang, Guo-Xi Zhao, Shi-Zhu Bian, Xu-Bin Gao, Xi Liu, Jie Yu, Jun-Qing Dong, Guo-Zhu Chen, Hong Wang and Lan Huang

Primary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder: drugs and implications

Because posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly debilitating condition, prevention is an important research topic. This article reviews possible prevention approaches that involve the administration o...

Authors: Joachim C. Burbiel

A double-edged sword: CRISPR-Cas9 is emerging as a revolutionary technique for genome editing

In May 2015, Professor Xiao Yang authored a review on the development of CRISPR-Cas9 techniques in the journal of Military Medical Research. This review provided a valuable overview of this major scientific advan...

Authors: Chun-xiao Li and Hai-li Qian

Dramatic resolution of vitreous hemorrhage after an intravitreal injection of dobesilate

Vitreous hemorrhages are important clinical manifestations of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Non-cleared vitreous hemorrhages could lead to hemosiderosis bulbi and glaucoma. Here, we describe the case of ...

Authors: Pedro Cuevas, Luis Antonio Outeiriño, Carlos Azanza, Javier Angulo and Guillermo Giménez-Gallego

Emergency response to nuclear, biological and chemical incidents: challenges and countermeasures

Given the multiple terrorist attacks that have occurred in recent years in China, medical rescue teams and specialized incident assessment teams have been established by the government; however, medical rescue...

Authors: Hai-Long Li, Wen-Jun Tang, Ya-Kun Ma, Ji-Min Jia, Rong-Li Dang and Er-Chen Qiu

Neurotherapy for chronic headache following traumatic brain injury

Chronic headache following traumatic brain injury (TBI) sustained in military service, while common, is highly challenging to treat with existing pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions and may be co...

Authors: David V. Nelson and Mary Lee Esty

Medical rescue of naval combat: challenges and future

There has been no large-scale naval combat in the last 30 years. With the rapid development of battleships, weapons manufacturing and electronic technology, naval combat will present some new characteristics. ...

Authors: Hai Jin, Li-Jun Hou and Xiao-Bing Fu

An ongoing search for potential targets and therapies for lethal sepsis

Sepsis, which refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection, represents the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The pathogenesis of sepsis remains poorly ...

Authors: Guo-qiang Bao, Li He, David Lee, John D’Angelo and Hai-chao Wang

Screening agars for MRSA: evaluation of a stepwise diagnostic approach with two different selective agars for the screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a hygiene risk that does not spare field hospitals or military medical field camps during military deployments. Diagnostic options for un...

Authors: Volker Micheel, Benedikt Hogan, Thomas Köller, Philipp Warnke, Sabine Crusius, Rebecca Hinz, Ralf Matthias Hagen, Norbert Georg Schwarz and Hagen Frickmann

Artificially designed pathogens – a diagnostic option for future military deployments

Diagnostic microbial isolates of bio-safety levels 3 and 4 are difficult to handle in medical field camps under military deployment settings. International transport of such isolates is challenging due to rest...

Authors: Andreas E. Zautner, Wycliffe O. Masanta, Rebecca Hinz, Ralf Matthias Hagen and Hagen Frickmann

The roles of carboxylesterase and CYP isozymes on the in vitro metabolism of T-2 toxin

T-2 toxin poses a great threat to human health because it has the highest toxicity of the currently known trichothecene mycotoxins. To understand the in vivo toxicity and transformation mechanism of T-2 toxin, we...

Authors: Ni-Ni Lin, Jia Chen, Bin Xu, Xia Wei, Lei Guo and Jian-Wei Xie

Erratum: Quadricuspid pulmonic valve found on well exam

Authors: Stephen N. Dunay, Eric A. Roberge and Lena S. Avedissian

Gastrointestinal problems in modern wars: clinical features and possible mechanisms

Gastrointestinal problems are common during wars, and they have exerted significant adverse effects on the health of service members involved in warfare. The spectrum of digestive diseases has varied during wa...

Authors: Wei-Feng Wang, Xiao-Xu Guo and Yun-Sheng Yang

The wow factor as a determinant of funding for disorders of the skin

As people live beyond 100 years, there is an extended period of impaired quality of life for the increasing numbers of individuals with skin disorders. There is also a growing work force of fit elderly individ...

Authors: Terence J. Ryan

Programmed cell death and its role in inflammation

Cell death plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation and may be the result of inflammation. The maintenance of tissue homeostasis necessitates both the recognition and removal of invading micro...

Authors: Yong Yang, Gening Jiang, Peng Zhang and Jie Fan

Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome engineering

Targeted mutagenesis based on homologous recombination has been a powerful tool for understanding the mechanisms underlying development, normal physiology, and disease. A recent breakthrough in genome engineer...

Authors: Xiao Yang

Quadricuspid pulmonic valve found on well exam

Quadricuspid pulmonic valve (QPV) is almost always a benign anomaly and is therefore usually discovered incidentally on radiographic studies or post-mortem at autopsy. Because of its rarity, the true extent of...

Authors: Stephen N Dunay, Robert A Roberge and Lena S Avedissian

The Ebola epidemic is ongoing in West Africa and responses from China are positive

The ongoing Ebola outbreak poses an alarming risk to the countries of West Africa and beyond. On August 8, 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the cross-country Ebola outbreak a Public Emergency...

Authors: Jing-Min Zhao, Shi-Jun Dong, Jin Li and Jun-Sheng Ji

Failure to fire after an electrical injury – a complex syndrome in a soldier

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a disorder characterized by an intractable, disabling pain of the affected limb. It is triggered by various injuries and is often resistant to standard therapy. We repo...

Authors: FMH Ahmad and KVS Hari Kumar

Ebola virus disease: from epidemiology to prophylaxis

The outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) continues to spread through West Africa. Since the first report of EVD in March 2014, the number of cases has increased rapidly, with the fatality rate of >50%. The mo...

Authors: Wen Bin Liu, Zi Xiong Li, Yan Du and Guang Wen Cao

Impact of noise on hearing in the military

Hearing plays a vital role in the performance of a soldier and is important for speech processing. Noise-induced hearing loss is a significant impairment in the military and can affect combat performance. Mili...

Authors: Jenica Su-ern Yong and De-Yun Wang

HBsAg seroprevalence among Senegalese militaries

Chronic hepatitis is a major public health problem. Hepatitis B virus is the primary cause, and Hepatitis B and C together are responsible for 60% of cirrhosis and 80% of hepatocellular carcinomas. This study ...

Authors: Abdoul A Ndiaye, Ibrahima Socé Fall, Gora Lo, Sidy Mouhamed Seck, Alioune Badara Tall, Boubacar Gueye, Amady Barro Mbodj and Anta Tal-Dia

Effects of microwave radiation on brain energy metabolism and related mechanisms

With the rapid development of electronic technologies, anxiety regarding the potential health hazards induced by microwave radiation (MW) has been growing in recent years. The brain is one of the most sensitiv...

Authors: Yan-Hui Hao, Li Zhao and Rui-Yun Peng

First imported Plasmodium ovale malaria in Central America: case report of a Guatemalan soldier and a call to improve its accurate diagnosis

The Mesoamerican Ministers of Health have set 2020 as the target for malaria elimination to be achieved in the region. Imported malaria cases are a potential threat to countries attempting elimination or worki...

Authors: María Eugenia Castellanos, Sheilee Díaz, Emily Parsons, Leonard F Peruski, Fabiola Enríquez, Juan Luis Ramírez and Norma Padilla

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute radiation syndrome: innovative medical approaches in military medicine

After a radiological or nuclear event, acute radiation syndrome (ARS) will present complex medical challenges that could involve the treatment of hundreds to thousands of patients. Current medical doctrine is ...

Authors: Erik B Eaton Jr and Timothy R Varney

Current knowledge and future directions of TLR and NOD signaling in sepsis

The incidence of sepsis is increasing over time, along with an increased risk of dying from the condition. Sepsis care costs billions annually in the United States. Death from sepsis is understood to be a comp...

Authors: Niamh M Foley, Jian Wang, H Paul Redmond and Jiang Huai Wang

The injury progression of T lymphocytes in a mouse model with subcutaneous injection of a high dose of sulfur mustard

In clinical studies, the findings on sulfur mustard (SM) toxicity for CD3⁺CD4⁺ and CD3⁺CD8⁺ T lymphocyte subsets are contradictory. In animal experiments, the effect of SM on the T cell number and proliferation i...

Authors: Yi-Zhou Mei, Xiao-Rui Zhang, Ning Jiang, Jun-Ping Cheng, Feng Liu, Pan Zheng, Wen-Xia Zhou and Yong-Xiang Zhang

Advances in the biological effects of terahertz wave radiation

The terahertz (THz) band lies between microwave and infrared rays in wavelength and consists of non-ionizing radiation. Both domestic and foreign research institutions, including the army, have attached consid...

Authors: Li Zhao, Yan-Hui Hao and Rui-Yun Peng

Health and sanitary status in 1970 of Tubu nomads dwelling in Northeastern Niger

The Tubu are nomadic people who live in remote parts of the central Sahara, primarily in the Tibesti massif (Chad), and in both Northeastern Niger and Southern Libya. No data about the Tubu’s health and sanita...

Authors: Jean-François Magnaval, Christian Oosterbosch and Michel Mandl

Effects and mechanisms of a microcurrent dressing on skin wound healing: a review

The variety of wound types has resulted in a wide range of wound dressings, with new products frequently being introduced to target different aspects of the wound healing process. The ideal wound dressing shou...

Authors: Chao Yu, Zong-Qian Hu and Rui-Yun Peng

Keeping the right time in space: importance of circadian clock and sleep for physiology and performance of astronauts

The circadian clock and sleep are essential for human physiology and behavior; deregulation of circadian rhythms impairs health and performance. Circadian clocks and sleep evolved to adapt to Earth’s environme...

Authors: Jin-Hu Guo, Wei-Min Qu, Shan-Guang Chen, Xiao-Ping Chen, Ke Lv, Zhi-Li Huang and Yi-Lan Wu