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Fig. 4 | Military Medical Research

Fig. 4

From: The role of the immune microenvironment in bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration: from mechanism to therapeutic opportunity

Fig. 4

Biomaterial-based delivery system and physical property-based immunomodulation for cartilage regeneration. a Schematic representation of an IL-4-loaded bi-layer 3D printed scaffold for osteochondral regeneration [273]. b Schematic illustration of a cartilage ECM scaffold combined with Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cell-derived sEVs for osteochondral regeneration [278]. c Effects of PCL/EUG scaffolds with different stiffness (akin to normal/osteoarthritic cartilage) on macrophage secretion behavior, adapted with permission from ref. [280], Elsevier. ECM extracellular matrix, EUG Eucommia ulmoides gum, PCL polycaprolactone, M1CM m1 macrophage conditional medium, DLP digital light projector, HA hyaluronic acids, FDM fused deposition modeling, ACECM acellular cartilage extracellular matrix

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Military Medical Research

ISSN: 2054-9369