Table 2 Summary of studies about clinical applications of scRNA-seq in PCa

Cheng et al. [126]

scRNA-seq

CRPC-like cells are present early in the development of PCa and are not exclusively the result of acquired evolutionary selection during androgen deprivation therapy. The lethal CRPC and SCNC phenotypes should be targeted earlier in the disease course of patients with PCa

Karthaus et al. [96]

scRNA-seq

Prostate regeneration is driven by nearly all persisting luminal cells, not just by rare stem cells

He et al. [121]

scRNA-seq

The transcriptional characterization of cancer and immune cells from human mCRPC provides a basis for the development of therapeutic approaches complementing androgen signaling inhibition

Wang et al. [133]

scRNA-seq

Defining the complex expression profiles and advancing the understanding of the genetic and transcriptomic mechanisms leading to NEPC differentiation

Ge et al. [134]

scRNA-seq

Analysis of subclonal and transcriptional heterogeneity and its implication for patient prognosis

Peng et al. [139]

scRNA-seq

Identifying EP4 as a specific target for PCa immunotherapy and demonstrating that YY001 inhibited the growth of prostate tumors by regulating the immune microenvironment and strongly synergized with anti-PD-1 antibodies to convert completely unresponsive PCa into responsive cancers, resulting in marked tumor regression, long-term survival, and lasting immunologic memory

Masetti et al. [141]

scRNA-seq

Identifying a specific TAM subset associated with poor prognosis and recognizing the characteristic transcriptional dysregulation target of lipid metabolism “Marco”

Heidegger et al. [143]

scRNA-seq

Identifying novel PCa TEC targets and highlights CXCR4/CXCL12 interaction as a potential novel target to interfere with tumor angiogenesis in PCa

Chen et al. [10]

scRNA-seq

aECs are enriched in CRPC and promote cancer cell invasion

Schnepp et al. [148]

scRNA-seq

A shared TF activity network drives docetaxel resistance in PCa

Lohr et al. [153]

scRNA-seq

An integrated process to isolate, qualify, and sequence whole exomes of CTCs with high fidelity using a census-based sequencing strategy

Barkley et al. [82]

scRNA-seq;

Spatial transcriptomics

Providing a framework for studying how cancer cell states interact with the tumor microenvironment to form organized systems capable of immune evasion, drug resistance, and metastasis

Taavitsainen et al. [144]

scRNA-seq;

scATAC-seq

Defining changes in chromatin and gene expression in single-cell populations from pre-clinical models can reveal unrecognized molecular predictors of treatment response

Qiu et al. [127]

scRNA-seq;

ChIP-seq

MYC overexpression antagonizes the canonical AR transcriptional program and contributes to prostate tumor initiation and progression by disrupting transcriptional pause release at AR-regulated genes

Rivello et al. [117]

MA-Chip;

scRNA-seq

Single-cell extracellular pH measurement for the detection and isolation of highly metabolically active cells (hm-cells) from the tumor microenvironment