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Table 1 Summary of hospitalizations for CKD and daily mean temperature in 261 Chinese cities during the hot season from 2015 to 2018, grouped by three major temperature zones

From: Heat exposure and hospitalizations for chronic kidney disease in China: a nationwide time series study in 261 major Chinese cities

Variable

Overall

Temperate zone

Warm-temperate zone

Sub-tropical zonea

Total [n (%)]

768,129 (100.00)

53,065 (6.91)

174,080 (22.66)

526,363 (68.53)

Age group [n (%)]

    

 18–40 years

160,086 (20.84)

10,222 (19.26)

39,526 (22.71)

107,308 (20.39)

 40–60 years

315,574 (41.08)

21,810 (41.10)

69,788 (40.09)

217,707 (41.36)

  ≥ 60 years

292,469 (38.08)

21,033 (39.64)

64,766 (37.20)

201,348 (38.25)

Sex [n (%)]

    

 Male

438,318 (57.06)

29,502 (55.60)

99,021 (56.88)

301,281 (57.24)

 Female

329,811 (42.94)

23,563 (44.40)

75,059 (43.12)

225,082 (42.76)

Etiology [n (%)]b

    

 Diabetic kidney disease

104,893 (13.66)

9183 (17.31)

28,447 (16.34)

64,958 (12.34)

 Hypertensive nephropathy

96,345 (12.54)

7431 (14.00)

19,496 (11.20)

68,256 (12.97)

 Glomerulonephritis

192,720 (25.09)

16,057 (30.26)

55,657 (31.97)

117,531 (22.33)

 Obstructive nephropathy

165,212 (21.51)

4869 (9.18)

20,730 (11.91)

137,039 (26.04)

Daily hospitalizations (n, mean ± SD)

6.02 ± 7.81

3.28 ± 4.22

5.16 ± 6.69

7.09 ± 8.74

Daily mean temperature (°C, mean ± SD)

24.33 ± 3.74

20.66 ± 3.96

23.71 ± 3.51

25.46 ± 3.06

95th percentile of temperature (°C)

29.64

26.18

28.97

30.00

  1. CKD chronic kidney disease, SD standard deviation
  2. aThere are also some cities in the tropics and the Tibetan Plateau zones, but only account for a very small proportion of the total CKD hospitalization. bFour majority etiologies of CKD are listed, and there are also some hospitalizations for CKD due to other etiologies