Table 2 Functional additives for biological functions
From: Adhesive hydrogels in osteoarthritis: from design to application
Categories | Name | Function | Pre/clinic State | Hydrogel | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drugs | Colchicine | Anti-inflammation; Immunoregulatory function | Rats | Chitosan | [179] |
Methotrexate | Pain relief; Anti-inflammation | Rats | HA | [180] | |
Dexamethasone | Chondrogenesis; Anti-inflammation; Inhibition of ECM degradation | Rats | HA | [181] | |
Ibuprofen | Pain relief; Anti-inflammation | Mice Rats | Carbopol® 934; PLGA/gelatin/PVA | ||
Chinese medicine Lingzhi and San-Miao-San | Differentiation of osteogenic; Anti-inflammation; Chondrogenesis | Rats | HA | [184] | |
Kartogenin | Chondrogenesis; Cell proliferation | Rabbits Rats | PLGA-PEG-PLGA; Gelatin | ||
Hydroxychloroquine | Anti-inflammation; Cell proliferation | Mice | MMP-13/pH-responsive ferritin nanocages (CMFn) | [187] | |
Triamcinolone acetonide | Anti-inflammation; Pain relief (some scholars do not recommend it) | Rats Human | PLA/methoxy-PEG-PDL None | ||
Simvastatin | Chondrogenesis; Anti-inflammation | Mice | Gelatin | [156] | |
Chitooligosaccharide-salicylic acid conjugate | Antioxidation | Mice | Alginate, Gelatin | [190] | |
Eicosapentaenoic acid | Immunoregulatory function; Chondrogenesis | Mice | Gelatin | [191] | |
Cells | MSCs | Chondrogenesis; Inhibition of ECM degradation | Rats | HA | [192] |
Human bone mesenchymal stem cells | Chondrogenesis | Rat | Gelatin | [160] | |
Membrane-modified MSCs by transglutaminase 2 | Chondrogenesis; Inhibition of ECM degradation | Rabbits | N/A | [193] | |
Adipose-derived stem cells | Chondrogenesis; Pain relief | Human Rabbits | None HA-PNIPAAm-CL | ||
Allogeneic human umbilical cord blood derived MSCs | Chondrogenesis | Human | HA | [196] | |
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells | Chondrogenesis; Immunoregulatory function | Pigs | HA | [197] | |
Allogenic chondrocytes | Chondrogenesis; Inhibition of ECM degradation; Cell proliferation | Human Rabbits | Type I collagen Chitosan | ||
Cytokines and Peptides | TGF-β1, BMP-2 | Chondrogenesis; Inhibition of ECM degradation; Inhibition of osteoclasts | Rabbits; Rat | PCEC | |
CTGF, TGF-β3 | Chondrogenesis; Inhibition of ECM degradation; Inhibition of osteoclasts | Rabbits | PLGA | [202] | |
Biphasic CK2.1 (QIKIWFQNRRKWKKMVPSDPSYEDMGGC, 95%) | Chondrogenesis | Mice | β-glycerophosphate chitosan | [203] | |
Type I collagen | Chondrogenesis | Cells | Sodium alginate | [204] | |
Platelet lysate supplementation | Chondrogenesis; Cell proliferation | Cells | Dextran-tyramine | [205] | |
PRP | PRP | Pain relief; Chondrogenesis; Inhibition of ECM degradation | Rabbits, Human | PRP | |
Genes | IL-1Ra and IGF-1 gene | Inhibition of ECM degradation; Anti-inflammation; Adaptation to mechanical stress | Rabbits | Chitosan | [207] |
Sox 9 gene | Chondrogenesis | Mice | PEO and PPO | ||
mRNA encoding Sox 9 | Chondrogenesis | Cells | Gene-activated matrixes (GAM) | [210] | |
Exosome | MSC-derived exosomes | Anti-inflammation; Chondrogenesis; Immunoregulatory function | Rabbits Rats | HA-NB/Gelatin None | [211] [212] |
BMSC-derived exosomes | Chondrogenesis; Inhibition of osteoclasts; Cell proliferation | Rats | Alginate, chondroitin sulfate and silk fibroin | [74] |