Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between patients in training and validation cohorts [n(%)]
From: Nomogram for prediction of fatal outcome in patients with severe COVID-19: a multicenter study
Variables | Training cohort (n = 124) | Validation cohort 1 (n = 71) | Validation cohort 2 (n = 76) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 0.001 | |||
  ≥ 70 | 73 (58.9) | 25 (35.2) | 29 (38.2) |  |
  < 70 | 51 (41.1) | 46 (64.8) | 47 (61.8) |  |
Gender | ||||
 Male | 69 (55.7) | 42 (59.2) | 41 (54.0) | 0.810 |
Comorbidity | 0.291 | |||
 Without comorbidity | 31 (25.0) | 27 (38.0) | 26 (34.2) |  |
 With single comorbidity | 38 (30.7) | 16 (22.6) | 21 (27.6) |  |
 With multiple comorbidity | 55 (44.3) | 28 (39.4) | 29 (38.2) |  |
 Smoke | 66 (53.2) | 16 (22.5) | 19 (25.0) | < 0.001 |
 Panting (breathing rate ≥ 30/min) | 56 (45.2) | 63 (88.7) | 67 (88.2) | < 0.001 |
WBC (×109/L) | 0.005 | |||
  >  10 | 24 (19.4) | 29 (40.9) | 20 (26.3) |  |
  ≤ 10 | 100 (80.6) | 42 (59.1) | 56 (73.7) |  |
Lymphocyte (×109/L) | 0.352 | |||
  > 1.0 | 56 (45.2) | 28 (39.4) | 39 (51.3) |  |
  ≤ 1.0 | 68 (54.8) | 43 (60.6) | 37 (48.7) |  |
Neutrophil (×109/L) | 0.013 | |||
  >  6.3 | 36 (29.0) | 35 (49.3) | 24 (31.6) |  |
  ≤ 6.3 | 88 (71.0) | 36 (50.7) | 52 (68.4) |  |
PLT (×109/L) | 0.346 | |||
  ≥ 100 | 114 (91.9) | 61 (85.9) | 70 (92.1) |  |
  <  100 | 10 (8.1) | 10 (14.1) | 6 (7.9) |  |
CRP (mg/L) | 0.026 | |||
  >  10 | 70 (56.5) | 36 (50.7) | 28 (36.8) |  |
  ≤ 10 | 54 (43.5) | 35 (49.3) | 48 (63.2) |  |
D-dimer (mg/L) | 0.992 | |||
  >  0.55 | 81 (65.3) | 46 (64.8) | 50 (65.8) |  |
  ≤ 0.55 | 43 (34.7) | 25 (35.2) | 26 (34.2) |  |
PCT (ng/ml) | 0.312 | |||
  > 0.05 | 87 (70.2) | 57 (80.3) | 56 (73.7) |  |
  ≤ 0.05 | 37 (29.8) | 14 (19.7) | 20 (26.3) |  |
IL-6 (pg/ml) | 0.298 | |||
  ≥ 10 | 68 (54.8) | 47 (66.2) | 44 (57.9) |  |
  <  10 | 56 (45.2) | 24 (33.8) | 32 (42.1) |  |
SaO2 on admission | < 0.001 | |||
  ≥ 90% | 85 (68.6) | 18 (25.4) | 34 (44.7) |  |
  <  90% | 39 (31.4) | 53 (74.6) | 42 (55.3) |  |
TBIL (μmol/L) | 0.098 | |||
  ≥ 20 | 45 (36.3) | 16 (22.5) | 28 (36.8) |  |
  <  20 | 79 (63.7) | 55 (77.5) | 48 (63.2) |  |
ALT (U/L) | 0.363 | |||
  ≥ 40 | 35 (28.2) | 22 (31.0) | 16 (21.1) |  |
  <  40 | 89 (71.8) | 49 (69.0) | 60 (78.9) |  |
AST (U/L) | 0.633 | |||
  ≥ 40 | 41 (33.1) | 19 (26.8) | 25 (32.9) |  |
  <  40 | 83 (66.9) | 52 (73.2) | 51 (67.1) |  |
LDH (U/L) | 0.341 | |||
  ≥ 245 | 36 (29.0) | 26 (36.6) | 29 (38.2) |  |
  <  245 | 88 (71.0) | 45 (63.4) | 47 (61.8) |  |
γ-GT (U/L) | 0.262 | |||
  ≥ 50 | 64 (51.6) | 28 (39.4) | 36 (47.4) |  |
  <  50 | 60 (48.4) | 43 (60.6) | 40 (52.6) |  |
Cr (μmol/L) | 0.303 | |||
  > 80 | 41 (33.1) | 29 (40.9) | 21 (27.6) |  |
  ≤ 80 | 83 (66.9) | 42 (59.1) | 55 (72.4) |  |
Outcomes | 0.070 | |||
 Dead | 22 (17.7) | 22 (31.0) | 14 (18.4) |  |
 Alive | 102 (82.3) | 49 (69.0) | 62 (81.6) |  |