Table 6 Questions on trauma knowledge and number of correct responses after the training

1. Regarding the measures taken to keep the airway open for an unconscious patient, which of the following is NOT true:

B. The prone position may also be adopted.

2. When binding a patient with an open abdominal wound accompanied with prolapse of intestinal tube, what main points of rescue shall we choose:

C. To perform protective dressing (protect the intestinal tube with bowls and dressing, and then bind it).

3. The indicator used to diagnose cardiac arrest on site is:

C. Disappearance of the aortic pulse

4. The best way to identify a closed abdominal injury, a rupture in solid organs and a perforation in hollow organs is:

D. Abdominal diagnostic aspiration

5. The correct on-site solution to an open fracture is:

D. To stop the bleeding first, then to bind the fracture, and finally to fix the fracture;

6. What factor is not included in the on-site emergency assessment:

D. To perform external chest compression immediately on an unconscious patient.

7. Which of the following auxiliary test is the most important in determining whether a spinal fracture or dislocation is associated with a spinal cord injury:

C. MRI

8. Which of the following description of tension pneumothorax is NOT true:

B. Decompression should be performed after the diagnosis is confirmed by a chest X-ray.

9. Which of the following is not an indication for orotracheal intubation:

D. The upper airway is completely obstructed.

10. In the following precautions for trauma diagnosis, which one is NOT true:

E. To pay special attention to individuals who cry loudly when receiving groups of wounded.

11. A patient experienced a chest trauma an hour ago and has an HR of 130 beats/min and a BP of 90/60 mmHg. The blood extracted through a pleural puncture on the side of the wound clots when it is kept still, and the number of hemoglobin and red blood cells decrease gradually. The main therapeutic method at this time should be:

C. Exploratory thoracotomy

12. A 42-year-old male presents with a blunt impact injury on the lower abdomen that occurred two hours ago, immediate continuous abdominal pains, and no urine after the injury. The physical examination results are as follows: BP of 90/60 mmHg, P of 110 beats/min, T of 37 °C, and a normal cardiopulmonary examination. The FAST results suggest that there is a small amount of free fluid in the abdominal cavity, suspected shifting dullness, weak bowel sounds, slight abdominal distension, restricted abdominal breathing, full abdominal tenderness and muscular tension with rebound tenderness; the Hb level is 10 g/l, and WBC is 12 × 10^⁹/L. The best treatment plan is:

D. Anti-shock + emergency exploratory laparotomy

13. For a patient with neck injuries, the way to fix the neck while clearing the airway is:

D. To hold the jaw with both hands.

14. A 54-year-old male presents with a right tibiofibular comminuted fracture spanning one third of this tibia due to a car accident; a splint is adopted to fix the wound after restoration. The patient is transferred 36 h later due to right leg swelling and sharp toe pains. The examination results are as follows: obvious swelling, cyanoderma and numbness on the right toe, and poor toe movement are present, capillary filling still exists after the splint is removed, the right leg is quite swollen, the skin temperature is high and blisters appear on the skin. The most likely complication is:

C. Osteofascial compartment syndrome

15. A 25-year-old male worker was struck in the lower left chest with an iron bar 3 h ago and fell from 3 m high. The examination results are as follows: coma, SPO₂ of 95%, BP of 80/60 mmHg, P of 130 beats/min, and WBC of 20 × 10/L. There are fractures on the left 9th and 10th ribs with displacement, there is a fracture on the lower third of left tibia with obvious displacement, and pelvic tenderness is positive. Which of the following emergency treatments is recommended?

D. To immediately perform fixation of lower limbs and pelvis and anti-shock treatment.

16. An 18-year-old male is admitted to the hospital for emergency treatment after being injured due to a car accident. The examination results are as follows: unconsciousness and hemoptysis are present, both the mouth and the nose have sediment and blood overflowing, difficulty breathing, dysphoria, severe abrasion and swelling on the left chest wall are present, HR is 98 beats/min, BP is 120/90 mmHg, the limbs can still move autonomously, and there is moderate swelling, ecchymosis and sever abrasion on the middle and lower left thigh. What is the most urgent rescue measure to perform at this time:

B. Remove foreign matters on the upper respiratory tract to keep the airway open.

17. A 22-year-old male patient developed hypotension and tachycardia after a heavy object hit him on the left shoulder. The initial BP was 80/40 mmHg, and the BP reached 122/84 mmHg after 2 L isotonic crystal fluid resuscitation. The HR is 100 beats/min, and the RR is 28 times/min. Breath sounds on the left chest are decreased; a pleural canal was inserted into the place where the breath sounds decreased after fluid resuscitation was performed to drain a small amount of bloody fluid, without gas leakage. What is the most appropriate assessment measure after the pleural canal insertion:

A. To confirm the position of the drainage tube and its patency; to perform chest CT examination.

18. For a patient with a pelvic facture, the transport method that can be adopted during first-aid:

C. To hold the patient horizontal by three persons (keeping the whole body horizontal)

19. A 30-year-old male presents with combined thoraco- abdominal injuries, avulsion of the left chest skin, fractures of multiple ribs, P of 110 beats/min, BP of 82/50 mmHg, Hb of 70 g/L, abdominal pain, obvious tenderness, and rebound pain (+); the most appropriate treatment is:

C. Anti-shock + emergency operation

20. A 25-year-old male was hit by a car 5 h ago. He was taken to the emergency room by an ambulance. The BP is 50/25 mmHg, and the P is 120 beats/min. The patient showed acute illness, abdominal muscular tension, unconsciousness, and no response when being called. The most important treatment is:

C. Tracheal intubation + anti-shock