Table 1 Comparison of laboratory findings between SARS-CoV-2- and bacteria-induced septic patients admitted to ICU
Item | Normal range | Total (n = 67) | SARS-CoV-2-induced sepsis (n = 21) | Bacteria-induced sepsis (n = 46) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blood routine test | |||||
White blood cell counts (× 109/L) | 3.5–9.5 | 9.6 (6.1–15.9) | 7.0 (4.7–10.9) | 11.7 (6.6–17.3) | 0.007 |
Neutrophil counts (× 109/L) | 1.8–6.3 | 9.0 (4.3–13.9) | 5.8 (3.6–8.9) | 11.1 (5.5–15.3) | 0.003 |
Lymphocyte counts (× 109/L) | 1.1–3.2 | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.6 (0.6–0.8) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.68 |
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio | NA | 11.0 (4.8–21.5) | 9.5 (4.5–13.1) | 12.2 (6.0–24.6) | 0.094 |
Monocyte counts (× 109/L) | 0.1–0.6 | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 0.4 (0.2–0.5) | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) | 0.311 |
Platelet counts (× 109/L) | 125.0–350.0 | 186.0 (141.0–262.0) | 181.0 (148.5–237.5) | 191.0 (130.0–284.8) | 0.71 |
Haemoglobin [g/L, mean (SD)] | 130–175 | 113.7 (26.0) | 131.5 (17.4) | 105.6 (25.4) | < 0.001 |
Hematocrit (%) | 40.0–50.0 | 33.8 (28.6–37.9) | 37.3 (34.9–40.4) | 30.8 (25.6–36.0) | < 0.001 |
Coagulation function | |||||
Prothrombin time (s) | 10.5–13.5 | 13.0 (11.9–14.1) | 13.4 (12.3–13.9) | 12.9 (11.8–14.5) | 0.665 |
Activated partial thromboplastin time (s) | 21.0–37.0 | 33.9 (29.1–40.4) | 34.7 (32.5–40.2) | 32.1 (29.0–41.6) | 0.402 |
International normalized ratio | 0.8–1.3 | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 0.002 |
D-dimer (μg/L) | 0–1.5 | 3.1 (1.6–8.0) | 1.1 (0.7–2.8) | 4.4 (2.6–9.6) | < 0.001 |
Blood biochemistry | |||||
Albumin, median [g/L, mean (IQR)] | 40.0–55.0 | 30.1 (25.6–33.7) | 34.6 (31.3–36.5) | 26.8 (24.2–31.6) | < 0.001 |
Alanine aminotransferase(U/L) | 9.0–50.0 | 38.0 (27.8–60.1) | 33.5 (22.0–54.3) | 43.0 (28.8–70.0) | 0.241 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 15.0–40.0 | 48.4 (31.8–91.3) | 47.0 (32.6–69.5) | 48.5 (29.3–100.8) | 0.567 |
Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 0.21.0 | 15.7 (10.7–22.2) | 20.7 (12.8–27.6) | 15.4 (8.6–21.0) | 0.025 |
Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 57.0–111.0 | 77.0 (50.2–124.4) | 75.1 (56.3–92.7) | 77.0 (48.3–155.1) | 0.727 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 3.6–9.5 | 7.1 (5.4–9.6) | 6.6 (5.5–8.3) | 7.4 (5.3–12.8) | 0.151 |
Creatine kinase MB form (U/L) | 0–5.0 | 2.0 (1.1–5.0) | 0.8 (0.4–1.9) | 2.8 (2.0–7.6) | < 0.001 |
NT-pro BNP (pg/ml) | 0–125.0 | 1778.5 (223.8–6170.5) | 133.5 (71.8–772.0) | 3298.5 (473.8–7077.5) | < 0.001 |
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 120.0–350.0 | 749.0 (427.0–1290.0) | 693.0 (399.0–883.5) | 936.5 (490.8–1535.5) | 0.089 |
Arterial blood gas | |||||
Sodium (mmol/L) | 135.0–145.0 | 136.0 (132.0–141.0) | 135.2 (132.5–141.6) | 136.0 (131.8–141.0) | 0.797 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.5–5.0 | 3.6 (3.4–4.1) | 3.5 (3.2–3.6) | 3.8 (3.5–4.3) | 0.02 |
Chloride (mmol/L) | 90.0–110.0 | 101.0 (97.8–106.0) | 101.0 (98.0–106.5) | 101.0 (96.8–105.3) | 0.695 |
PaO2 (mmHg) | 83.0–108.0 | 81.0 (61.4–99.6) | 65.3 (57.5–82.0) | 86.5 (64.6–130.0) | 0.02 |
PaCO2 (mmHg) | 35.0–48.0 | 33.6 (30.7–40.6) | 33.3 (31.4–36.6) | 34.0 (28.8–44.9) | 0.72 |
PaO2:FIO2 (mmHg) | 400.0–500.0 | 162.2 (119.4–219.3) | 132.9 (116.2–174.9) | 181.3 (119.0–279.9) | 0.07 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 3.9–6.1 | 9.2 (6.8–13.8) | 11.1 (8.3–14.9) | 8.8 (5.9–13.0) | 0.155 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 0.5–1.6 | 2.1 (1.5–2.9) | 2.5 (1.6–3.0) | 2.0 (1.5–2.6) | 0.226 |
Immune-related biomarkers | |||||
Absolute T lymphocyte counts (count/μl) | NA | 440.0 (329.5–581.0) | 329.5 (313.3–472.3) | 492.0 (382.0–720.0) | 0.004 |
Absolute helper T lymphocyte counts (count/μl) | NA | 246.0 (188.0–372.0) | 201.0 (156.0–264.5) | 308.0 (208.0–420.0) | 0.034 |
Absolute cytotoxic T lymphocyte counts (count/μl) | NA | 152.0 (102.0–236.0) | 101.0 (91.0–153.8) | 180.0 (132.0–264.0) | 0.003 |
CD4/CD8 ratio [mean (SD)] | 0.9–3.6 | 1.8 (0.9) | 1.9 (0.9) | 1.8 (0.9) | 0.709 |
Inflammation-related biomarkers | |||||
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 0–10.0 | 104.7 (30.9–148.4) | 119.2 (70.7–154.6) | 37.2 (23.8–111.6) | 0.008 |
Procalcitonin (ng/ml) | 0–5.0 | 0.5 (0.2–3.8) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 1.4 (0.3–5.5) | < 0.001 |