Table 3 Comparison of key points from the scoring table between baseline and post-intervention measurements [n (%)]
From: An effective snakebite first aid training method for medics in the Chinese troops: a RCT
Key points | Group A (n = 27) | Group B (n = 27) | Group C (n = 26) | Group A vs B | Group A vs C | Group B vs C | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Post-intervention | Rate difference | P | Baseline | Post-intervention | Rate difference | P | Baseline | Post-intervention | Rate difference | P | post-intervention rate difference | P | post-intervention rate difference | P | post-intervention rate difference | P | |
Right measures | ||||||||||||||||||
Rinse wound instantly | 12 (44.4) | 18 (66.7) | 0.22 | 0.05 | 12 (44.4) | 25 (92.6) | 0.48 | < 0.01 | 15 (57.7) | 22 (84.6) | 0.27 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.18 |
Oral or percutaneous snake drug administration | 25 (92.6) | 25 (92.6) | 22 (81.5) | 22 (81.5) | 24 (92.3) | 21 (80.8) | ||||||||||||
Keep stationary | 5 (18.5) | 17 (63) | 0.44 | < 0.01 | 5 (18.5) | 15 (55.6) | 0.37 | < 0.01 | 4 (15.4) | 18 (66.7) | 0.50 | < 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 0.43 | 0.10 | 0.23 |
Pressure immobilization technique | 8 (29.6) | 16 (59.3) | 0.30 | 0.01 | 5 (18.5) | 17 (63) | 0.44 | < 0.01 | 2 (7.7) | 17 (65.4) | 0.58 | < 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.39 | 0.06 | 0.32 | 0.02 | 0.43 |
Stretcher transport | 11 (40.7) | 9 (33.3) | 9 (33.3) | 18 (66.7) | 13 (50) | 21 (80.8) | ||||||||||||
Assess patient’s condition and monitor the complications | 5 (18.5) | 2 (7.4) | 5 (18.5) | 3 (11.1) | 6 (23.1) | 5 (19.2) | ||||||||||||
Diagnosis of allergic shock | 8 (29.6) | 4 (14.8) | 8 (29.6) | 5 (18.5) | 5 (19.2) | 12 (46.2) | ||||||||||||
Obtain IV access | 7 (25.9) | 7 (25.9) | 5 (18.5) | 17 (63) | 6 (23.0) | 19 (73.1) | ||||||||||||
0.5 mg IM/H epinephrine | 3 (11.1) | 10 (37) | 0.30 | 0.01 | 2 (7.4) | 17 (63) | 0.56 | < 0.01 | 1 (3.9) | 17 (65.4) | 0.62 | < 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.03 | 0.28 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.43 |
10 mg IV dexamethasone | 8 (29.6) | 12 (44.4) | 8 (29.6) | 16 (59.3) | 10 (38.5) | 15 (57.7) | ||||||||||||
GTT saline IV for expansion | 4 (14.8) | 1 (3.7) | 2 (7.4) | 8 (29.6) | 5 (19.2) | 6 (23.1) | ||||||||||||
If ineffective in 5 min, repeat injection of epinephrine | 1 (3.7) | 4 (14.8) | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0 | 14 (51.9) | 0.56 | < 0.01 | 0 | 15 (57.7) | 0.58 | < 0.01 | 0.37 | < 0.01 | 0.43 | < 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.34 |
Evacuation | 18 (66.7) | 16 (59.3) | 19 (70.4) | 25 (92.6) | 18 (66.7) | 25 (96.2) | ||||||||||||
Wrong measures | ||||||||||||||||||
Tourniquet ligation | 22 (81.5) | 8 (29.6) | 0.11 | 0.08 | 19 (70.4) | 3 (11.1) | 0.59 | < 0.01 | 17 (65.4) | 5 (19.2) | 0.46 | < 0.01 | ||||||
Cupping therapy | 5 (18.5) | 1 (3.7) | 0.15 | 0.04 | 5 (18.5) | 0 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 5 (19.2) | 0 | 0.19 | 0.01 | ||||||
Suck, squeeze venom out | 3 (11.1) | 3 (11.1) | 0.00 | 0.5 | 3 (11.1) | 1 (3.7) | 0.07 | 0.15 | 1 (3.9) | 0 | 0.04 | 0.16 | ||||||
Incise the wound | 13 (48.2) | 6 (22.2) | 0.26 | 0.02 | 12 (44.4) | 1 (3.7) | 0.41 | < 0.01 | 8 (30.8) | 1 (3.9) | 0.27 | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.49 |
Alcohol/iodophor disinfection | 2 (7.4) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (3.7) | 0 | 3 (11.5) | 0 | ||||||||||||
Noradrenaline/norepinephrine | 1 (3.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (3.9) | ||||||||||||
Chlorphenamine maleate | 5 (18.5) | 1 (3.7) | 4 (14.8) | 0 | 4 (15.4) | 0 | ||||||||||||