Fig. 1

Art therapy consists of drawing and painting, manual manipulation, music or dance. a Drawing and painting are widely used art therapy mediums due to ease of use, portability and straightforward standardization. These art forms can facilitate a narrative of memories and feelings associated with trauma allowing the patients to distance themselves from traumatic memories. The art therapist facilitates slow and progressive detailed reliving of trauma by presenting specific questions combined with drawing and painting tasks that address major themes of the trauma one memory at a time. b Through manual manipulation, clay or sculpting provides an external and alternative perspective, encouraging three-dimensional thinking and the use of tactile senses. It includes the use of material that comes from the earth and often other products such as Plasticine, Play-Doh, and Fimo clay. Patients are encouraged to focus on their breathing as they manipulate the material that promotes the release of stressful emotions and memories. c The emotional expression music allows it to be a promising form of art therapy for those refractory to other interventions. Music therapy typically includes group sessions as well as individuals playing instruments and listening to music while being guided by a trained music therapist. d Dance therapy helps patients express themselves through simple rhythmic movements leading to a controlled release of traumatic memories, thoughts and experiences. Group sessions begin slowly in a circular formation with a physical warm-up. As patients become comfortable with themselves and each other, the therapist will guide them in structured movements that encourage spontaneous self-expression and interaction with others. The session closes with a period of relaxation and discussion of the experience