Table 3 Responses of the yields of secondary metabolites to simulated microgravity and spaceflight
From: Effects of spaceflight and simulated microgravity on microbial growth and secondary metabolism
Strain | Antibiotics | Response | Equipment |
|---|---|---|---|
Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064 [77] | β-lactam antibiotic cephalosporin | Inhibited | High-aspect rotating vessels (HARV) |
Streptomyces hygroscopicus ATCC 29253 [76] | Rapamycin | Inhibited | Rotating-wall bioreactor (RWB) |
Streptomyces ansochromogenus 7100 [100] | Nikkomycin X, Z | Increased | Unmanned satellite |
Streptomyces avermitilis PE1 [57] | Avermectin | Increased | Diamagnetic levitation |
Streptomyces plicatus WC56452 [27] | Actinomycin D | Increased | US Space Shuttle mission STS-80 |
Streptomyces plicatus WC56452 [5] | Actinomycin D | Increased and then decreased | International space station (ISS) |
Escherichia coli ZK650 [65] | Microcin B17 | Inhibited | High-aspect rotating vessels (HARV) |
Bacillus brevis Nagano [94] | Gramicidin S | Unaffected | High-aspect rotating vessels (HARV) |
Humicola fuscoatra WC5157 [23] | Monorden | Increased | US Space Shuttle mission STS-77 |
Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806 [101] | Microcystin | Increased | Rotary cell culture system (RCCS) |
Cupriavidus metallidurans LMG 1195 [21] | Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) | Increased and then decreased | Rotating wall vessel (RWV) |
Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) [95] | Undecylprodigiosin (RED) | Increased slightly | 2D-clinostat (SM-1) |
Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) [95] | Actinorhodin (ACT) | Inhibited | 2D-clinostat (SM-1), Shenzhou-8 Space mission |