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Table 1 The means and standard deviations (M ± SD) for measures at sessions 1 (beginning of treatment), 5, 10, 15, and 20 (end of treatment) as well as beginning to end of treatment t-test comparisons

From: Neurotherapy for chronic headache following traumatic brain injury

Item

Session 1

Session 5

Session 10

Session 15

Session 20

t (df = 8)

Significance P

r 2

Beginning of treatment

End of treatment

BPI-HA worst pain past week

7.33 ± 1.22

4.78 ± 3.15

3.94 ± 2.83

3.28 ± 2.68

2.89 ± 2.62

5.43

0.001

0.79

BPI-HA average pain past week

4.56 ± 1.59

3.00 ± 2.83

2.56 ± 2.07

2.00 ± 2.00

1.39 ± 1.22

5.86

<0.001

0.81

PCL-M total score

48.56 ± 16.13

43.61 ± 15.02

41.50 ± 10.62

38.44 ± 12.81

33.39 ± 15.86

3.44

0.009

0.60

Cognitive clouding 0–10 NRS

7.22 ± 1.72

5.67 ± 1.12

5.22 ± 1.79

4.00 ± 1.32

3.72 ± 1.89

4.53

0.002

0.72

  1. Effect size represented in r 2, percentage of variance explained
  2. BPI-HA Brief Pain Inventory-Headache, PCL-M Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Military version, NRS numerical rating scale