Articles

An ongoing search for potential targets and therapies for lethal sepsis

Sepsis, which refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection, represents the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The pathogenesis of sepsis remains poorly ...

Authors: Guo-qiang Bao, Li He, David Lee, John D’Angelo and Hai-chao Wang

Screening agars for MRSA: evaluation of a stepwise diagnostic approach with two different selective agars for the screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a hygiene risk that does not spare field hospitals or military medical field camps during military deployments. Diagnostic options for un...

Authors: Volker Micheel, Benedikt Hogan, Thomas Köller, Philipp Warnke, Sabine Crusius, Rebecca Hinz, Ralf Matthias Hagen, Norbert Georg Schwarz and Hagen Frickmann

Artificially designed pathogens – a diagnostic option for future military deployments

Diagnostic microbial isolates of bio-safety levels 3 and 4 are difficult to handle in medical field camps under military deployment settings. International transport of such isolates is challenging due to rest...

Authors: Andreas E. Zautner, Wycliffe O. Masanta, Rebecca Hinz, Ralf Matthias Hagen and Hagen Frickmann

The roles of carboxylesterase and CYP isozymes on the in vitro metabolism of T-2 toxin

T-2 toxin poses a great threat to human health because it has the highest toxicity of the currently known trichothecene mycotoxins. To understand the in vivo toxicity and transformation mechanism of T-2 toxin, we...

Authors: Ni-Ni Lin, Jia Chen, Bin Xu, Xia Wei, Lei Guo and Jian-Wei Xie

Erratum: Quadricuspid pulmonic valve found on well exam

Authors: Stephen N. Dunay, Eric A. Roberge and Lena S. Avedissian

Gastrointestinal problems in modern wars: clinical features and possible mechanisms

Gastrointestinal problems are common during wars, and they have exerted significant adverse effects on the health of service members involved in warfare. The spectrum of digestive diseases has varied during wa...

Authors: Wei-Feng Wang, Xiao-Xu Guo and Yun-Sheng Yang

The wow factor as a determinant of funding for disorders of the skin

As people live beyond 100 years, there is an extended period of impaired quality of life for the increasing numbers of individuals with skin disorders. There is also a growing work force of fit elderly individ...

Authors: Terence J. Ryan

Programmed cell death and its role in inflammation

Cell death plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation and may be the result of inflammation. The maintenance of tissue homeostasis necessitates both the recognition and removal of invading micro...

Authors: Yong Yang, Gening Jiang, Peng Zhang and Jie Fan

Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome engineering

Targeted mutagenesis based on homologous recombination has been a powerful tool for understanding the mechanisms underlying development, normal physiology, and disease. A recent breakthrough in genome engineer...

Authors: Xiao Yang

Quadricuspid pulmonic valve found on well exam

Quadricuspid pulmonic valve (QPV) is almost always a benign anomaly and is therefore usually discovered incidentally on radiographic studies or post-mortem at autopsy. Because of its rarity, the true extent of...

Authors: Stephen N Dunay, Robert A Roberge and Lena S Avedissian

The Ebola epidemic is ongoing in West Africa and responses from China are positive

The ongoing Ebola outbreak poses an alarming risk to the countries of West Africa and beyond. On August 8, 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the cross-country Ebola outbreak a Public Emergency...

Authors: Jing-Min Zhao, Shi-Jun Dong, Jin Li and Jun-Sheng Ji

Failure to fire after an electrical injury – a complex syndrome in a soldier

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a disorder characterized by an intractable, disabling pain of the affected limb. It is triggered by various injuries and is often resistant to standard therapy. We repo...

Authors: FMH Ahmad and KVS Hari Kumar

Ebola virus disease: from epidemiology to prophylaxis

The outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) continues to spread through West Africa. Since the first report of EVD in March 2014, the number of cases has increased rapidly, with the fatality rate of >50%. The mo...

Authors: Wen Bin Liu, Zi Xiong Li, Yan Du and Guang Wen Cao

Impact of noise on hearing in the military

Hearing plays a vital role in the performance of a soldier and is important for speech processing. Noise-induced hearing loss is a significant impairment in the military and can affect combat performance. Mili...

Authors: Jenica Su-ern Yong and De-Yun Wang

HBsAg seroprevalence among Senegalese militaries

Chronic hepatitis is a major public health problem. Hepatitis B virus is the primary cause, and Hepatitis B and C together are responsible for 60% of cirrhosis and 80% of hepatocellular carcinomas. This study ...

Authors: Abdoul A Ndiaye, Ibrahima Socé Fall, Gora Lo, Sidy Mouhamed Seck, Alioune Badara Tall, Boubacar Gueye, Amady Barro Mbodj and Anta Tal-Dia

Effects of microwave radiation on brain energy metabolism and related mechanisms

With the rapid development of electronic technologies, anxiety regarding the potential health hazards induced by microwave radiation (MW) has been growing in recent years. The brain is one of the most sensitiv...

Authors: Yan-Hui Hao, Li Zhao and Rui-Yun Peng

First imported Plasmodium ovale malaria in Central America: case report of a Guatemalan soldier and a call to improve its accurate diagnosis

The Mesoamerican Ministers of Health have set 2020 as the target for malaria elimination to be achieved in the region. Imported malaria cases are a potential threat to countries attempting elimination or worki...

Authors: María Eugenia Castellanos, Sheilee Díaz, Emily Parsons, Leonard F Peruski, Fabiola Enríquez, Juan Luis Ramírez and Norma Padilla

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute radiation syndrome: innovative medical approaches in military medicine

After a radiological or nuclear event, acute radiation syndrome (ARS) will present complex medical challenges that could involve the treatment of hundreds to thousands of patients. Current medical doctrine is ...

Authors: Erik B Eaton Jr and Timothy R Varney

Current knowledge and future directions of TLR and NOD signaling in sepsis

The incidence of sepsis is increasing over time, along with an increased risk of dying from the condition. Sepsis care costs billions annually in the United States. Death from sepsis is understood to be a comp...

Authors: Niamh M Foley, Jian Wang, H Paul Redmond and Jiang Huai Wang

The injury progression of T lymphocytes in a mouse model with subcutaneous injection of a high dose of sulfur mustard

In clinical studies, the findings on sulfur mustard (SM) toxicity for CD3⁺CD4⁺ and CD3⁺CD8⁺ T lymphocyte subsets are contradictory. In animal experiments, the effect of SM on the T cell number and proliferation i...

Authors: Yi-Zhou Mei, Xiao-Rui Zhang, Ning Jiang, Jun-Ping Cheng, Feng Liu, Pan Zheng, Wen-Xia Zhou and Yong-Xiang Zhang

Advances in the biological effects of terahertz wave radiation

The terahertz (THz) band lies between microwave and infrared rays in wavelength and consists of non-ionizing radiation. Both domestic and foreign research institutions, including the army, have attached consid...

Authors: Li Zhao, Yan-Hui Hao and Rui-Yun Peng

Health and sanitary status in 1970 of Tubu nomads dwelling in Northeastern Niger

The Tubu are nomadic people who live in remote parts of the central Sahara, primarily in the Tibesti massif (Chad), and in both Northeastern Niger and Southern Libya. No data about the Tubu’s health and sanita...

Authors: Jean-François Magnaval, Christian Oosterbosch and Michel Mandl

Effects and mechanisms of a microcurrent dressing on skin wound healing: a review

The variety of wound types has resulted in a wide range of wound dressings, with new products frequently being introduced to target different aspects of the wound healing process. The ideal wound dressing shou...

Authors: Chao Yu, Zong-Qian Hu and Rui-Yun Peng

Keeping the right time in space: importance of circadian clock and sleep for physiology and performance of astronauts

The circadian clock and sleep are essential for human physiology and behavior; deregulation of circadian rhythms impairs health and performance. Circadian clocks and sleep evolved to adapt to Earth’s environme...

Authors: Jin-Hu Guo, Wei-Min Qu, Shan-Guang Chen, Xiao-Ping Chen, Ke Lv, Zhi-Li Huang and Yi-Lan Wu

Recent developments in computer assisted rehabilitation environments

Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment (CAREN) is a system that integrates a training platform (motion base), a virtual environment, a sensor system (motion capture) and D-flow software. It is useful for...

Authors: Rob van der Meer

Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases: challenges and opportunities for militaries

The communal nature of living and training environments, alongside suboptimal hygiene and stressors in the field, place military personnel at higher risk of contracting emerging infectious diseases. Some of th...

Authors: Zheng Jie Marc Ho, Yi Fu Jeff Hwang and Jian Ming Vernon Lee

Septic encephalopathy: when cytokines interact with acetylcholine in the brain

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a brain dysfunction that occurs secondary to infection in the body, characterized by alteration of consciousness, ranging from delirium to coma, seizure or focal neuro...

Authors: Qing-Hong Zhang, Zhi-Yong Sheng and Yong-Ming Yao

Correlation between blood pressure changes and AMS, sleeping quality and exercise upon high-altitude exposure in young Chinese men

Excessive elevation of arterial blood pressure (BP) at high altitude can be detrimental to our health due to acute mountain sickness (AMS) or some AMS symptoms. This prospective and observational study aimed t...

Authors: Yang Liu, Ji-Hang Zhang, Xu-Bin Gao, Xiao-Jing Wu, Jie Yu, Jian-Fei Chen, Shi-Zhu Bian, Xiao-Han Ding and Lan Huang

Relationship between excessive erythrocytosis and acute mountain sickness: a field study

Alterations in hematology, especially erythroid changes, may be involved in acute mountain sickness (AMS) at high altitude. This study aimed to identify the relationship between excessive erythrocytosis and AM...

Authors: Xiao-Han Ding, Ji-Hang Zhang, Bin Cui and Lan Huang

High altitude medicine in China in the 21st century: opportunities and challenges

China has the largest plateau, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where inhabited the most high altitude populations. Moreover, millions of people from plain areas come to the plateau for travel and work purposes and the ...

Authors: Lan Huang

Smoking is associated with the incidence of AMS: a large-sample cohort study

In recent years, the number of people visiting high altitudes has increased. After rapidly ascending to a high altitude, some of these individuals, who reside on plains or other areas of low altitude, have suf...

Authors: Pan Song, Ji-hang Zhang, Jun Qin, Xu-bin Gao, Jie Yu, Xu-gang Tang, Cai-fa Tang and Lan Huang

China’s great wall, Israel’s Bar Lev Line, and passive infectious disease surveillance

Emerging infectious diseases are some of modern society’s greatest threats. Like some great construction efforts designed to protect mankind, current public health measures against these emerging pathogens hav...

Authors: Maha A Elbadry, Mary M Merrill, Meng-Meng Ma, Mai-Juan Ma, Jia-Hai Lu, Wu-Chun Cao and Gregory C Gray

Non-invasive EEG-based brain-computer interfaces in patients with disorders of consciousness

Disorders of consciousness (DoCs) are chronic conditions resulting usually from severe neurological deficits. The limitations of the existing diagnosis systems and methodologies cause a need for additional too...

Authors: Emilia Mikołajewska and Dariusz Mikołajewski

Medical aspects of terrorist bombings – a focus on DCS and DCR

Although terrorist bombings have tormented the world for a long time, currently they have reached unprecedented levels and become a continuous threat without borders, race or age. Almost all of them are caused...

Authors: Ventsislav M Mutafchiyski, Georgi I Popivanov and Kirien C Kjossev

Development and application of triage and medical evacuation system for casualties at sea

Traditional triage could not meet the needs of battlefield casualties’ care in modern warfare. This paper designs of triage and medical evacuation system for casualties at sea that can quickly address mass-cas...

Authors: Tai Xie, Xiao-Rong Liu, Guo-Liang Chen, Liang Qi, Zhi-Yin Xu and Xu-Dong Liu

Development and application of a rapid rehabilitation system for reconstruction of maxillofacial soft-tissue defects related to war and traumatic injuries

The application of a maxillofacial prosthesis is an alternative to surgery in functional–aesthetic facial reconstruction. Computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing has opened up a new approach to the ...

Authors: Shi-zhu Bai, Zhi-hong Feng, Rui Gao, Yan Dong, Yun-peng Bi, Guo-feng Wu and Xi Chen

Can minimally invasive puncture and drainage for hypertensive spontaneous Basal Ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage improve patient outcome: a prospective non-randomized comparative study

The treatment of hypertensive spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is still controversial. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether minimally invasive puncture and drainage (MIPD) could...

Authors: Guo-Qiang Wang, Shi-Qiang Li, Yong-Hua Huang, Wei-Wei Zhang, Wen-Wei Ruan, Jia-Zhen Qin, Ying Li, Wei-Min Yin, Yun-Jun Li, Zheng-Jun Ren, Ji-Qiang Zhu, Yun-Yan Ding, Jun-Qi Peng and Pei-Jian Li

Review on emergency medical response against terrorist attack

Terrorism is a global issue and a constant international threat. As a result, anti-terrorism and emergency response strategies are tasks of critical importance that have a direct impact on the national securit...

Authors: De-wen Wang, Yao Liu and Ming-min Jiang

Research progress on combat trauma treatment in cold regions

Cold regions are a special combat environment in which low temperatures have a great impact on human metabolism and other vital functions, including the nervous, motion, cardiovascular, circulatory, respirator...

Authors: Hui-Shan Wang and Jin-Song Han

Ten-year retrospective analysis of multiple trauma complicated by pulmonary contusion

This study reports a 10-year retrospective analysis of multiple trauma complicated by pulmonary contusion. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the risk factors for mortality due to trauma in patients wit...

Authors: Hui Jin, Li-Qun Tang, Zhi-Guo Pan, Na Peng, Qiang Wen, You-Qing Tang and Lei Su

Clinical trials comparing norepinephrine with vasopressin in patients with septic shock: a meta-analysis

The effect of norepinephrine in patients with septic shock remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the mortality rates and benefits of norepinephrine and vasopressin.

Authors: Fei-Hu Zhou and Qing Song

Organization and implementation of mass medical rescue after an earthquake

On May 12, 2008, an 8.0-magnitude earthquake occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province. In this disaster, 69,000 people were killed, 18,000 people were reported missing, and 37,000 people were injured, including ...

Authors: Yan-Ling Zhang

Effect of intra-abdominal volume increment on kidneys in minipigs with intra-abdominal hypertension after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation

To investigate the effect of intra-abdominal volume increment (IAVI) on intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) in the kidneys.

Authors: Zheng-gang Wang, Hao Tan, Lian-yang Zhang, Dao-cheng Liu, Hua-liang Xiao and Wen-hua Du

Relationship between acute stress and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel: mediating effect of social support

Sleep disorder induced by acute stress has always been an important topic for study among the general population. However, the mediating effect of social support between acute stress and sleep disorder has rar...

Authors: Qi-jun Zhang, Qiao-li Zhang, Xin-yang Sun, Li-yi Zhang, Si-yuan Zhang, Gao-feng Yao, Chun-xia Chen and Ling-ming Kong

Military medicine in China: old topic, new concept

Military medicine is important in both war and peace. In China, military medicine plays a key role in supporting and maintaining health, in preventing injuries and diseases in military staff and in enhancing t...

Authors: Xiao-Bing Fu

Inaugural editorial: Military Medical Research

Military medicine is one of the most innovative part of human civilization. Along with the rapid development of medicine and advances in military techniques, military medicine has become the focus and intersec...

Authors: Guo-Quan Ren