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Fig. 3 | Military Medical Research

Fig. 3

From: Immune checkpoint inhibition mediated with liposomal nanomedicine for cancer therapy

Fig. 3

Exosome-inspired nanovesicles associated with immune checkpoint inhibition. a Schematic of ICB-modified exosomes and exosome-inspired nanovesicles. b Transmission electron microscopy images and size distributions of (a) exosome-inspired nanovesicles, and (b) ICB modified exosome inspired nanovesicles. c Median survival of mice treated with free ICBs or exosome inspired nanovesicles associated ICBs (PBS: Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline; EMVs: exosome-mimetic nanovesicles; AB680: free CD73 inhibitor; AB680@EMVs: AB680 encapsulated EMVs; aPD-L1: free anti-PD-L1; EMVs-aPD-L1: EMVs conjugated with anti-PD-L1; AB680 + aPD-L1: free AB680 together with free anti-PD-L1; AB680@EMVs-aPD-L1: AB680 encapsulated EMVs conjugated with anti-PD-L1 on the surface). d Improved CD8+/CD4+ ratio in tumor tissues with treatment of exosome inspired nanovesicles associated ICBs. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001. a was created with BioRender.com, b–d are adapted from ref. [129], published by American Chemical Society. ICB immune checkpoint blockade, EMVs exosome-mimetic nanovesicles

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