Fig. 5

Applications of ACPs in vivo and ex vivo. a A porcine liver was cut into three pieces with a severe wound in the shape of deep herringbone grooves ex vivo. After the tissue interfaces were bridged using ACPs, the liver was reconstructed. b A severe cylindric wound was introduced to a rat liver in vivo. After bridging the inner surface of the damage with ACPs, the wound was closed without bleeding. c Representative histological images of the rat liver, after being damaged and then bridged by ACPs (left) or repaired by suturing (right) for two weeks. d Side-to-side anastomosis of a porcine large intestine using ACPs ex vivo. e Side-to-side anastomosis of a rabbit small intestine using ACPs in vivo. f Representative histological images of the rabbit small intestine, after they went through side-to-side anastomosis using ACPs (left) or suturing (right) for two weeks. ACPs adhesive cryogel particles