Fig. 2
From: Ionizable drug delivery systems for efficient and selective gene therapy
Classification of ionizable drug delivery systems (IDDSs). a Chitosan-based polymeric nanoparticle complexes. b Heparin/poly(amino acid)-based polymeric nanoparticle complexes. c Polypeptide-based micelles/nanoparticles. d Ionizable lipid nanoparticle (ILNP). e Ionizable liposome and f Ionizable polymer-lipid nanoparticle (IPLNP). g A hypothetical mechanism explaining the fate of IDDSs endosomes. I Formation of the lipoplex. II Binding to the cell membrane. III Uptake and endocytosis. IV Endosomal escape and release