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Table 2 TBI Screen/CTBIE group comparisons of physical functioning ratings, self-reported cardiometabolic health conditions, and health care utilization patterns [n(%)]

From: Self-reported physical functioning, cardiometabolic health conditions, and health care utilization patterns in Million Veteran Program enrollees with Traumatic Brain Injury Screening and Evaluation Program data

Variables

Screen– (group 1, n = 10,796)

Screen+/CTBIE– (group 2, n = 2231)

Screen+/CTBIE+ (group 3, n = 3425)

Omnibus test result

Pairwise comparisons

P-value

ES (V)

Summary

φ1-2

φ1-3

φ2-3

Health-related physical functioning

         

  VR-12 physical functioning (Mean ± Standard error)

44.85 ± 0.11

38.77 ± 0.24

37.95 ± 0.19

 < 0.001

0.03b

1 > 2 > 3

0.02a

0.03a

0.002a

Cardiometabolic health conditions

         

  High blood pressure/hypertension*

3153 (29.2)

756 (33.9)

1065 (31.1)

 < 0.001

0.04

2 > 3 > 1

0.17

0.04

0.06

  Stroke

62 (0.6)

39 (1.6)

58 (1.7)

 < 0.001

0.06

2 & 3 > 1

0.29

0.33

 < 0.001

  TIA

70 (0.7)

25 (1.1)

41 (1.2)

0.002

0.03

—

0.05

0.08

 < 0.001

  Heart attack

137 (1.3)

45 (2.0)

54 (1.6)

0.020

0.02

—

—

—

—

  Coronary artery/heart disease

237 (2.2)

65 (2.9)

77 (2.3)

0.120

0.02

—

—

—

—

  Peripheral vascular disease

55 (0.5)

20 (0.9)

24 (0.7)

0.070

0.02

—

—

—

—

  High cholesterol/hyperlipidemia*

3462 (32.1)

831 (37.3)

1122 (32.8)

 < 0.001

0.04

2 > 1 & 3

0.19

0.004

0.16

  Pulmonary embolism/DVT

155 (1.4)

45 (2.0)

59 (1.7)

0.100

0.01

—

—

—

—

  Congestive heart failure

67 (0.6)

29 (1.3)

27 (0.8)

0.003

0.03

—

—

—

—

  Other circulatory problems

275 (2.6)

123 (5.5)

133 (3.9)

 < 0.001

0.06

2 > 3 > 1

0.48

0.14

0.11

  Diabetes*

843 (7.8)

200 (8.9)

242 (7.1)

0.030

0.02

—

—

—

—

  Obesity (BMI > 30)*

         

    Not obese

6773 (64.1)

1277 (58.8)

1887 (56.6)

      

    Obese

3798 (35.9)

894 (41.2)

1449 (43.4)

< 0.001

0.07

2 & 3 > 1 

0.19

0.52

0.04

Cardiometabolic summary variable*

         

  Cardiometabolic disease burden

         

    0–2 conditions

9056 (85.7)

1743 (80.3)

2812 (84.3)

      

    3 or more conditions

1515 (14.3)

428 (19.7)

524 (15.7)

< 0.001

0.05

2 > 1 & 3

0.36

0.03

0.20

VA health care utilization*

         

  VA health care use

         

    0–50%

4444 (41.6)

562 (25.5)

883 (26.1)

      

    51–100%

6242 (58.4)

1640 (74.5)

2501 (73.9)

< 0.001

0.15 

2 & 3 > 1

> 0.50

> 0.50

0.003

  Overnight hospital visits

         

    None

9242 (90.9)

1689 (81.9)

2538 (80.2)

      

    1 or more

931 (9.1)

373 (18.1)

626 (19.8)

< 0.001

0.14

2 & 3 > 1

> 0.50

> 0.50

0.03

  Rx medications

         

    None

3154 (30.4)

282 (13.0)

460 (13.8)

      

    1 or more

7213 (69.6)

1887 (87.0)

2882 (86.2)

< 0.001

0.19

2 & 3 > 1

> 0.50

> 0.50

0.009

  Non-Rx medications

         

    None

8637 (88.0)

1552 (78.4)

2446 (79.8)

      

    1 or more

1181 (12.0)

428 (21.6)

621 (20.3)

< 0.001

0.12

2 & 3 > 1

> 0.50

0.14

0.003

  1. *Actual n for each outcome of interest may be less due to missing data. § VR-12 = lower scores are indicative of worse health-related quality of life. Adjusted group means (age, sex, race/ethnicity, and PTSD) for the VR-12 data are reported in the table
  2. aValues are ηp2. b Values is ES (ηp2). P-values < 0.002 represent significant omnibus tests that survived Bonferroni multiple comparisons corrections. Pairwise comparisons effect size interpretations: Partial eta-squared (ηp2) values, small = 0.01, medium = 0.06, large = 0.14; Phi (φ) values, small = 0.10, medium = 0.30, large = 0.50. CTBIE Comprehensive Traumatic Brain Injury Evaluation, TBI traumatic brain injury, ES effect size, V Cramer’s V, φ Phi effect size, ηp2 partial eta-squared effect size, VR-12 Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey, TIA transient ischemic attack, DVT deep vein thrombosis, BMI body mass index, MetS metabolic syndrome, VA Veterans Affairs, Rx prescription
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Military Medical Research

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