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Fig. 1 | Military Medical Research

Fig. 1

From: Nanomedicine‐boosting icaritin-based immunotherapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Fig. 1

Icaritin soft capsule for immunotherapy of advanced HCC. Icaritin can be extracted from Epimedii Folium or produced by hydrolyzing the other major flavonoids in Epimedii Folium. The icaritin soft capsule formulations can be applied for immunotherapy of advanced HCC by interacting with the MyD88/IкB kinase α protein complex, suppressing IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, and reducing the generation of cytokines (e.g., TNF-α and IL-6) and the expression of immune checkpoints (e.g., PD-L1). Moreover, icaritin can inhibit the bioactivity of MDSCs by down-regulating the tumor-associated splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis. Finally, effector T cell function is enhanced and the immune tolerance in advanced HCC is alleviated, which ultimately improve the efficacy of icaritin-based immunotherapy in advanced HCC. HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, MyD88 myeloid differentiation factor 88, IL-6 interleukin-6, JAK Janus kinase, STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, PD-L1 programmed death-ligand 1, MDSCs myeloid-derived suppressor cells

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