Fig. 5

Biomaterial-based immunomodulation for soft tissue regeneration. a Schematic illustration of ADSCs-seeded chitosan/difunctional polyurethane hydrogel for the treatment of chronic diabetic skin wounds, adapted with permission from ref. [289]. b The hybrid hydrogel loaded with miR-223-laden nanoparticles promotes wound healing through increased M2 macrophage polarization, adapted with permission from ref. [290], Wiley online library. c Pseudotime analysis of the FTY720-induced increase in immune cell infiltration into a muscle defect area 3 days post-VML injury [291]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. d Preparation of PLA electrospun fibers combined with pH-responsive IL-4 plasmid-loaded liposomes for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Copyright 2020, Nature Publishing Group [292]. e Development of an electrospun UPy-PCL scaffold functionalized with IL-4 and heparin for vascular damage repair [293]. Copyright 2021, Wiley online library. ADSCs adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, PCL polycaprolactone, PLA polylactic acid, UPy ureido-pyrimidinone, VML volumetric muscle loss