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Table 2 The scores of PANSS, RBANS, SANS and CGI at baseline, week 6 and week 12 follow-up in amisulpride and placebo groups

From: Amisulpride augmentation therapy improves cognitive performance and psychopathology in clozapine-resistant treatment-refractory schizophrenia: a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Item

Baseline

Week 6

Week 12

Group F(P)

Time F(P)

Group × time F(P)

Amisulpride

Placebo

Amisulpride

Placebo

Amisulpride

Placebo

PANSS total score

82.28 ± 8.54

79.53 ± 6.71

70.75 ± 9.47

77.75 ± 5.99

73.68 ± 10.35

77.63 ± 6.86

3.51 (0.07)

1.25 (0.29)

11.75 (< 0.001)

  P subscore

19.40 ± 6.54

20.73 ± 3.90

16.33 ± 3.94

20.35 ± 4.15

15.93 ± 4.36

20.25 ± 4.56

10.99 (0.001)

0.09 (0.92)

3.66 (0.03)

  N subscore

21.15 ± 7.45

18.98 ± 4.69

20.27 ± 5.95

18.93 ± 3.74

19.95 ± 6.63

18.38 ± 4.16

3.08 (0.08)

0.73 (0.49)

0.91 (0.41)

  G subscore

41.48 ± 6.33

39.83 ± 3.55

34.40 ± 5.38

38.48 ± 3.59

34.38 ± 6.01

39.00 ± 3.76

5.43 (0.02)

1.27 (0.29)

9.03 (< 0.001)

RBANS total score

59.38 ± 7.71

60.28 ± 10.14

63.20 ± 8.88

61.75 ± 10.72

65.03 ± 8.31

61.25 ± 9.98

0.48 (0.49)

1.49 (0.23)

3.54 (0.03)

  Immediate memory

59.43 ± 9.65

59.83 ± 11.68

61.83 ± 9.26

59.50 ± 10.66

63.50 ± 8.68

60.63 ± 9.83

0.52 (0.47)

0.07 (0.93)

2.11 (0.13)

  Visuospatial/construction

67.50 ± 12.23

68.65 ± 11.97

73.30 ± 13.93

70.33 ± 14.29

72.43 ± 12.02

68.35 ± 12.22

0.29 (0.60)

1.06 (0.35)

1.63 (0.20)

  Language

71.15 ± 14.02

71.63 ± 13.86

78.05 ± 11.66

74.55 ± 12.99

81.20 ± 10.20

72.38 ± 12.68

2.35 (0.13)

0.92 (0.40)

5.49 (0.006)

  Attention

73.65 ± 11.58

73.75 ± 13.94

76.25 ± 11.68

72.55 ± 11.89

74.25 ± 10.90

73.33 ± 11.57

0.16 (0.69)

2.33 (0.10)

2.37 (0.10)

  Delayed memory

57.93 ± 9.68

61.03 ± 11.52

62.15 ± 10.14

63.38 ± 13.06

61.48 ± 9.72

63.05 ± 13.37

0.60 (0.44)

0.47 (0.63)

0.86 (0.43)

SANS

45.18 ± 15.38

43.13 ± 14.36

44.78 ± 14.88

44.13 ± 13.56

43.88 ± 13.14

44.68 ± 14.78

0.20 (0.66)

1.03 (0.36)

2.83 (0.07)

CGI-S

5.03 ± 0.70

4.90 ± 0.71

4.20 ± 0.61

4.63 ± 0.59

4.20 ± 0.61

4.78 ± 0.66

3.50 (0.07)

1.26 (0.29)

10.85 (< 0.001)

CGI-I

4.05 ± 0.22

4.03 ± 0.16

3.48 ± 0.92

3.90 ± 0.55

3.48 ± 0.96

4.03 ± 0.16

4.41 (0.04)

0.17 (0.85)

4.16 (0.02)

CGI-E

13.60 ± 0.50

13.58 ± 0.50

10.88 ± 3.58

12.98 ± 1.92

10.88 ± 3.58

13.58 ± 0.50

15.38 (< 0.001)

0.52 (0.60)

12.17 (< 0.001)

  1. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, P positive symptom, N negative symptom, G general psychopathology, RBANS Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, SANS Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, CGI Clinical Global Impression scale, CGI-S CGI severity, CGI-I CGI improvement, CGI-E CGI efficacy