Fig. 2
From: Extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis and treatment of acute lung injury
Pro-inflammatory EVs can promote the development of ALI/ARDS by regulating alveolar cell phenotype. a EVs induce lung epithelial cell apoptosis and permeability. b EVs weaken the pulmonary vascular endothelial cell junctions and barrier. c EVs promote M1 alveolar macrophage polarization. d EVs induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and neutrophil infiltration in lung. All these effects promote the development of ALI/ARDS. EVs extracellular vesicles, ALI/ARDS acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome