Table 2 Descriptive statistics and mean comparisons for demographic and clinical characteristics between the PTSD-diagnosed and trauma-exposed control group

Ethnicity [n (%)]

 Caucasian

12 (75.00)

49 (94.23)

–

 Other

1 (6.25)

–

–

 Not reported

3 (18.75)

3 (5.77)

–

Education level [n (%)]

 ≤ Year 10

8 (50.00)

9 (17.31)

–

 ≤ Year 12

5 (31.25)

15 (28.85)

–

 Vocational

-

7 (13.46)

–

 University

3 (18.75)

21 (40.38)

–

Type of service [n (%)]

 Army

16 (100.0)

42 (80.77)

–

 Navy

–

2 (3.85)

–

 Air Force

–

8 (15.38)

–

Age (years, M ± SD)

69.75 ± 5.53

68.71 ± 3.43

0.368

Years of service (M ± SD)

13.60 ± 10.41^*

17.03 ± 12.50

0.338

AUDIT total (M ± SD)

7.13 ± 5.24

6.35 ± 3.73

0.511

MoCA total (M ± SD)

25.94 ± 2.62

26.90 ± 2.04

0.127

CAPS PTSD symptom severity score (M ± SD)

19.81 ± 7.94

3.52 ± 4.35

< 0.001

PTSD duration in years (M ± SD)

30.95 ± 15.61

N/A

–