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Table 1 Strategies for bone defect reconstruction according to the French Society of Orthopedics (Société Française de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique—SOFCOT) [6]

From: Masquelet technique in military practice: specificities and future directions for combat-related bone defect reconstruction

 

Type 1 defect (length ≤ 2 cm)

Type 2 defect (2 cm < length ≤ 5 cm)

Type 3 defect (5 cm < length ≤ 10 cm)

Type 4 defect (length > 10 cm)

Humerus

Shortening or ABG

Shortening + ABG or IMT or bone transport

IMT or VBT

IMT or VBT

Forearm

ABG

IMT

IMT or VBT

OBF + IMT or OBF + VBT

Femur

ABG

IMT or ABG

IMT or VBT or bone transport

Tibia

ABG including ITF grafting

IMT or ITF grafting or VBT or bone transport

IMT or VBT or bone transport or fibula tibialisation

  1. The SOFCOT classification is based on the defect length but does not include limb length discrepancy. ABG autologous bone graft, IMT induced membrane technique, ITF inter-tibiofibular, OBF one bone forearm procedure, VBT vascularized (fibular) bone transfer