Table 2 Resveratrol, Quercetin, Curcumin, EGCG and Spermidine prevents CVD in randomized clinical trials with patients

Resveratrol

Type 2 diabetic patients, 10 mg/d (n = 10) or 250 mg/d (n = 28), respectively

1 and 3 months

[36, 37]

Patients with stable angina pectoris, 20 mg/d (n = 29) or 100 mg/d (n = 30), respectively

2 months

[38, 39]

Patients post ischemia infarction, 10 mg/d (n = 20), or patients with HFrEF (n = 30), 100 mg/d

3 months

[40, 41]

Patients with high risk of CVD (n = 75); 8 mg/d or 16 mg/d for 6 months

12 months

[42]

Hypertensive patients (n = 24), 300 mg or obese men and post-menopausal woman (n = 19), 30–270 mg

Single dose

[43, 44]

Obese individual (n = 28), 75 mg/d

6 weeks

[45]

Obese men (n = 11), 150 mg/d

4 weeks

[46]

Patients with metabolic syndrome (n = 22); 2 pills FRAMINTROL (contains 100 mg/d resveratrol)

3 months

[47]

Quercetin

Both gender (n = 37), quercetin-3-glucoside (160 mg/d)

4 weeks

[48]

Women with type 2 diabetes (n = 72), 500 mg/d

10 weeks

[49]

Patients with stable coronary heart disease (n = 30), 120 mg/d

2 months

[50]

Overweight patients, 150 mg/d (n = 93), or 163 mg/d (n = 70) quercetin from onion skin extract

5 and 6 weeks

[51, 52]

Pre-hypertensive men and women (n = 37), 160 mg/d quercetin-3-glucoside

4 weeks

[48]

Curcumin

Patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 121), curcuminoids 4 g/d

9 d

[53]

Type 2 diabetes, 1000 mg/d (n = 30), or 300 mg/d (n = 50), respectively

12 weeks

[54, 55]

Postmenopausal women, 150 mg/d (n = 32), or 150 mg/d (n = 45), respectively

8 weeks

[56, 57]

EGCG

Patients with coronary artery disease (n = 42), 300 mg/d

2 weeks

[58]

Patients with early atherosclerosis (n = 28), 30 ml of EGCG containing olive oil/day

4 months

[59]

Obese postmenopausal women (n = 38), 300 mg/d

12 weeks

[60]

Spermidine

Healthy male volunteers (n = 30), aged from 40 to 69 years, with Japanese food (natto)

12 months

[61]