Fig. 1

Effect of Risa overexpression and Risa inhibition on HG-induced podocyte injury. a Expression of Risa in DN mice and MPCs was examined by qRT-PCR (n = 10). b Expression of Nephrin, WT-1, NPHS2, and Desmin was measured by Western blotting in the mouse groups at 22 weeks and the MPC groups under different stimulations. c Immunofluorescence staining analysis of Nephrin (green) and/or Synaptopodin (red) expresssion, the nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue) or PI (red). d Thickness of the GBM was calculated under TEM (n = 22), and the morphology of kidney was observed by PAS staining in the db/m, db/db, db/db + Risa-vehicle and db/db + Risa-AAV groups at 22 weeks. e Changes in random blood glucose, weight, uACR, and Scr in the mouse groups at different time points. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ^***P < 0.001 vs. db/m group or NG and HM groups, ^###P < 0.001 vs. db/db and db/db + Risa-vehicle groups or HG and HG + Risa-vehicle groups. SYNPO synaptopodin, PAS periodic acid-schiff stain, MPCs mouse podocyte cells, Risa lncRNA AK044604, AAV adeno-associated virus, GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GBM glomerular basement membrane, HG high glucose, HM high mannitol, LV lentivirus, NG normal glucose, TEM transmission electron microscopy