Microfluidics-based strategies for molecular diagnostics of infectious diseases

Wang, Xin; Hong, Xian-Zhe; Li, Yi-Wei; Li, Ying; Wang, Jie; Chen, Peng; Liu, Bi-Feng

doi:10.1186/s40779-022-00374-3

Military Medical Research

Table 1 Comparison of the detection methods for infectious diseases based on microfluidics

From: Microfluidics-based strategies for molecular diagnostics of infectious diseases

Detecting methods	Microfluidic systems	Amplification methods	Extracting methods	Analyte	Performance	Pros and cons	References
Fluorescence	µPAD	RCA	CNAEK	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	0.7 aM 15 min	#Superior sensitivity, low cost, easy to operate, rapid analysis *High background noise	[4]
	LOCC	LAMP	CNAEK	Virus DNA	74 copies/µl 30 min		[21]
	LOCC	RCA	Silica beads	Influenza RNA	0.5 fM 40 min		[25]
	LOAD	–	Silica beads	E. coli O157:H7 DNA	60% EE		[27]
	–	SEA	Silica membrane	Vibrio parahaemolyticus DNA	10 CFU/g		[30]
	LOCC	RT-qPCR	Silicon micropillars	Virus RNA	95% EE		[32]
	µPAD	PCR	Chitosan porous membranes	Bacteria DNA	89% EE		[40]
	–	LAMP	Microcapillary	Blood DNA	0.2 µl sample 150 min		[41]
	µPAD	RT-PCR	FTA membranes	HIV RNA	3 copies/µl 5 min		[50]
	LOAD	RT-PCR	CNAEK	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	10 copies/µl 15 min		[53]
	LOAD	RT-PCR	CNAEK	SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B RNA	10 copies/µl 57 min		[60]
	LOAD	PCR	CNAEK	β-actin DNA	70.5 pg/channel 10 min		[64]
	LOAD	RT-LAMP	CNAEK	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	2 copies/µl 70 min		[72]
	LOAD	RT-LAMP	CNAEK	Virus RNA	10 copies/µl 40 min		[74]
	LOAD	RT-LAMP	CNAEK	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	15 copies/µl 45 min		[75]
	µPAD	RT-RPA	CNAEK	HIV RNA	5 copies/µl 45 min		[78]
	LOAD	RPA	CNAEK	S. aureus DNA	3 CFU/µl 60 min		[79]
Electrochemistry	–	–	Silicon nitride nano filter	E. coli O157:H7 DNA	–	#Rapid detection, easy to fabricate, low cost, portable and self-controlled *Unstable and susceptible	[28]
	–	–	Silicon nitride nano filter	Micro RNA	30 min		[29]
	LOCC	LAMP	Magnetic beads	Bacteria DNA	10 copies/µl 15 min		[33]
	LOCC	RT-LAMP	Magnetic beads	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	470 copies/µl 60 min		[38]
	LOCC	RT-PCR	Magnetic beads	Virus RNA	40 copies/µl 100 min		[43]
	LOCC	PCR	CNAEK	E. coli O157:H7 DNA	100 CFU/ml 60 min		[61]
Colorimetry	µPAD	LAMP	FTA card	Blood DNA	90 min 3 copies/µl	#Portable, low cost, easy to prepare, naked eye readout *Unable to quantitatively detect, limited sensitivity	[44]
	–	PCR	FTA card	Leishmaniasis DNA	60 min		[47]
	–	PCR	FTA card	Plasmodium DNA	3 parasites/µl 45 min		[48]
	LOAD	RT-LAMP	CNAEK	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	0.1 copy/µl 10 min		[73]
Magnetic	LOCC	–	Magnetic beads	H. pylori DNA	DNA purification and 40-fold pre-concentration within 7 min	#Low cost, efficient, rare sample preparation, negligible magnetic background *Hard to read out magnetic signals with miniaturized systems	[37]
	LOAD	RT-LAMP	Magnetic beads	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	8 samples in parallel 30 min		[39]

Performance includes the limit of detection, testing time (min), extraction efficiency (EE), and other characteristics (# refers to advantage and * refers to disadvantage). "–" means the information is not officially available from public data or is too complicated to be noted; LOCC lab on a cartridge chip, LOAD lab on a disc, µPAD microfluidic paper-based analytical device, RCA rolling circle amplification, LAMP loop-mediated isothermal amplification, SEA strand exchange amplification, RT-qPCR reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, PCR polymerase chain reaction, RT-LAMP reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification, RT-RPA reverse-transcription recombinase polymerase amplification, CNAEK commercial nucleic acid extraction kits, FTA Finders Technology Associates, aM 10^–18 mol/L, fM 10^–15 mol/L, CFU colony-forming units, SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, E. coli Escherichia coli, S. aureus Staphylococcus aureus, H. pylori Helicobacter pylori

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ISSN: 2054-9369

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