Fig. 6
From: Microfluidics-based strategies for molecular diagnostics of infectious diseases
Typical approaches for signal detection. a Concept of ultra-localized Cas13a assay (adapted from [97]). b Graphene field-effect transistors nano-biosensor conjugated with Lyme GroES scFv (adapted from [98]). c Colorimetric read-out of multiplex detection of foodborne pathogens in the centrifugal microfluidic chip: #1 and #3 are samples with target pathogens; and #2, #4, and #5 are samples without target pathogens (adapted from [103]). d The magnetic tunneling junction-based biosensor comprising the platform, the integrated lock-in amplifier, the control box for signal generation/acquisition and the power supply (adapted from [106]). GFET graphene field-effect transistor, E. coli Escherichia coli, S. typhimurium Salmonella typhimurium, V. parahaemolyticus Vibrio parahaemolyticus, L. monocytogenes Listeria monocytogenes, PC personal computer, PDMS polydimethylsiloxane, PMMA polymethylmethacrylate