Fig. 9From: Ultrasound-triggered microbubble destruction enhances the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma by inhibiting PGRMC1-mediated autophagy in vitro and in vivoUTMD enhanced the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma via inhibiting PGRMC1-mediated autophagy in mice. Six-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were inoculated in the right caudate putamen with GL261 cells (1 × 105 cells per mouse) with or without shPGRMC1-expressing vector to establish the orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model. Seven days after transplantation, the tumor size was evaluated by in vivo bioluminescent imaging. Then, the animals were randomly allocated to treatment groups to receive control treatment or IR (every day, 2 Gy/fraction, 5 fractions) combined with or without UTMD (every other day) treatment over a period of 5 d. On day 20 after tumor transplantation, US and bioluminescent imaging were used to determine the tumor size. Meanwhile, mice were euthanized, and brain tumors were collected. In vivo bioluminescent images (a) and quantification of orthotopic glioblastoma tumors (b) in the brains of mice. c Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of orthotopic glioblastoma-bearing mice. d Orthotopic glioblastoma tumor size was determined by US. White circles indicate tumors. e Immunofluorescent staining and the quantification of Ki67 (green) in orthotopic glioblastoma tumors in the brains of mice. f Tumor tissues were harvested on day 20 after tumor implantation and lysed, and Western blotting analysis was performed. The expression of LC3B2, p62, and PGRMC1 were measured. g The bar graphs showed the quantification of LC3B2, p62, and PGRMC1. Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6). *P < 0.05 vs. the vehicle-treated control group; ##P < 0.01 vs. IR group; &P < 0.05 vs. IR plus UTMD group. IR ionizing radiation, UTMD ultrasound-triggered microbubble destruction, PGRMC1 progesterone receptor membrane component 1, LC3B light chain 3 beta, p62 sequestosome 1, ACTB β-actin, SD standard deviation, p/s/cm2/sr photon per second per square centimetre per steradian, a.u. arbitrary unitsBack to article page