Table 3 Advances in COVID-19 vaccine research (as of October 12, 2021)
From: Advances in the design and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
Type | Institution and candidate | Product description | Trial phase | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Viral vector vaccine | Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies/Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Emergent BioSolutions/Catalent/Biological E/Grand River Aseptic Manufacturing (GRAM)/Sanofi/Merck | Ad26.COV2-S (or JNJ-78436725), Non replicating viral vector, Ad26 (alone or with MVA boost) | Authorized | [61] |
University of Oxford, Oxford Biomedica, Vaccines Manufacturing and Innovation Centre, Pall Life Sciences, Cobra Biologics, HalixBV, Advent s.r.l., Merck KGaA, the Serum Institute, Vaccitech, Catalent, CSL, and AstraZeneca/IQVIA | Non replicating viral vector; COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca (formerly AZD1222), (formerly ChAdOx1), (Covishield in India) | Authorized | ||
CanSino Biologics/Beijing Institute of Biotechnology/Petrovax | Non-replicating viral vector; Adenovirus Type 5 vector (Ad5-nCoV), (Convidecia™) | Phase III | ||
Gamaleya Research Institute | Adeno-based; (Gam-COVID-Vac) (Sputnik V) | Phase III | ||
Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute | LV-SMENP-DC vaccine and antigen-specific CTLs | Phase I/II | * | |
The University of Hong Kong/Xiamen University/Wantai Biological Pharmacy | Replicating viral vector, intranasal flu-based RBD (DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT1) | Phase II | * | |
Cellid Co., Ltd./IAVI | AdCLD-CoV19 | Phase I/II | * | |
Israel Institute for Biological Research/Weizmann Institute of Science | rVSV-SARS-CoV-2-S vaccine | Phase I/II | * | |
Aivita Biomedical, Inc./National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia | Dendritic cell vaccine AV-COVID-19 | Phase I | * | |
Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute | Covid-19/aAPC vaccine | Phase I | * | |
City of Hope Medical Center | MVA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; (COH04S1) | Phase I | * | |
German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)/IDT Biologika GmbH/Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf/Philipps University Marburg Medical Center/Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich | Non-replicating viral vector; MVA-S encoded | Phase I | * | |
ImmunityBio/NantKwest | Non-replicating viral vector; [E1-, E2b-, E3-] hAd5-COVID19-Spike/Nucleocapsid | Phase I | * | |
ReiThera/Leukocare/Univercells/National Institute of Infectious diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani | Non-replicating viral vector; replication defective simian adenovirus encoding SARS-CoV-2 S (GRAd-CoV2) | Phase I | * | |
Vaxart/Emergent BioSolutions | Non-replicating viral vector; Oral Vaccine platform | Phase I | * | |
DNA vaccine | Zydus Cadila Healthcare Limited | DNA; (ZyCoV-D) plasmid vaccine | Phase III | * |
Osaka University/AnGes/Takara Bio/Cytiva/Brickell Biotech | DNA; (AG0301 & AG0302) plasmid vaccine + adjuvant | Phase II/III | * | |
Inovio Pharmaceuticals/Beijing Advaccine Biotechnology,/VGXI Inc./Richter-Helm BioLogics/Ology Bioservices/International Vaccine Institute/Seoul National University Hospital/Thermo Fisher Scientific/Kaneka Eurogentec | DNA; (INO-4800) plasmid vaccine with electroporation | Phase II/III | * | |
GeneOne Life Science | DNA; (GLS-5310) | Phase I/II | * | |
Genexine Consortium (GenNBio, International Vaccine Institute, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)/Binex/PT Kalbe Pharma | DNA; (formerly GX-19) (GX-19N) | Phase I/II | * | |
OncoSec Medical Incorporated/Providence Cancer Institute | (CORVax12), IL-12 expression platform + “S” glycoprotein | Phase I | * | |
Symvivo | DNA; bacTRL-Spike | Phase I | * | |
RNA-based vaccine | BioNTech/Pfizer/Fosun Pharma/Rentschler Biopharma | 3 LNP-mRNAs; BNT162 | Authorized | |
Moderna/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)/Lonza/Catalent/Rovi/Medidata/BIOQUAL/Baxter BioPharma Solutions | RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA 1273), (TAK-919) | Authorized | ||
CureVac/Bayer/Novartis | RNA; mRNA (CVnCoV); | Phase III | * | |
Arcturus/Duke-NUS/Catalent | RNA; mRNA; (LUNAR-COV19) | Phase I/II | * | |
Imperial College London/VacEquity Global Health | RNA | Phase I/II | * | |
People's Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military Sciences/Walvax Biotech | LNP-nCoVsaRNA; mRNA (ARCoV) | Phase I | * | |
Providence Therapeutics Holdings Inc | PTX-COVID19-B vaccine | Phase I | * | |
Live-attenuated vaccine | Codagenix/Serum Institute of India | Single-dose, intranasal, live attenuated vaccine, (COVI-VAC) | Phase I | * |
Indian Immunologicals Ltd/Griffith University | Codon deoptimized live attenuated virus | Pre-clinical | * | |
Meissa Vaccines | MV-014-210 | Pre-clinical | * | |
Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University/Acıbadem Labmed Health Services A.S. | Codon deoptimized live attenuated vaccines | Pre-clinical | * | |
Inactivated virus vaccine | Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm | Inactivated, (BBIBP-CorV); Inactivated | Phase III | * |
Bharat Biotech/Indian Council of Medical Research/National Institute of Virology/Ocugen/Precisa Medicamentos | Whole-virion (COVAXIN) (BBV152) | Phase III | ||
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Inactivated | Phase III | [92] | |
Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Republic of Kazakhstan | Inactivated, (QazCovid-in®) | Phase III | * | |
Sinovac/Instituto Butantan/Bio Farma | Inactivated (inactivated + alum); CoronaVac (formerly PiCoVacc) | Phase III | ||
Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm | Inactivated | Phase III | [95] | |
Erciyes University | Inactivated; (ERUCOV-VAC) | Phase II | * | |
Valneva/Dynavax/National Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom | Inactivated (Inactivated + CpG 1018), VLA2001 | Phase I/II | * | |
Shifa Pharmed Industrial Co | COVID-19 inactivated vaccine (COVIran Barekat) | Phase I | * | |
Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products Co.,Ltd./Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd | Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Vero cell) | Phase II | * | |
Recombinant protein vaccine | Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical/Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences | Adjuvanted recombinant protein (RBD-Dimer); (ZF2001) | Phase III | [96] |
Instituto Finlay de Vacunas | rRBD produced in CHO-cell chemically conjugate to tetanus toxoid | Phase III | * | |
Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp/NIAID/Dynavax | (FINLAY-FR-2) (SOBERANA 02); MVC-COV1901 vaccine injection; S-2 P protein + CpG 1018 | Phase II | * | |
Sanofi Pasteur/GSK | Protein subunit; spike protein, baculovirus production | Phase II | [97] | |
West China Hospital, Sichuan University | RBD (baculovirus production expressed in Sf9 cells) | Phase II | * | |
Biological E Ltd/Dynavax/Baylor College of Medicine | Protein subunit; (BECOV2) | Phase I/II | * | |
Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana | CIGB-669 (RBD-AgnHB) | Phase I/II | * | |
Federal Budgetary Research Institution (FBRI) State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR" | Peptide vaccine, EpiVacCorona | Phase I/II | * | |
Instituto Finlay de Vacunas | RBD + Adjuvant (FINLAY-FR-1) (SOBERANA 01) | Phase I/II | * | |
Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology | Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, aluminum adjuvanted | Phase I/II | * | |
Shionogi & Co., Ltd./National Institute of Infectious Disease, Japan | Recombinant protein vaccine S-268019, baculovirus expression | Phase I/II | * | |
VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan | Protein subunit, adjuvanted microsphere peptide, (COVAC-1 & COVAC-2) | Phase I/II | * | |
Adimmune Corporation | Baculovirus-insect cells expression system, spike (S) protein (tAdimrSC-2f) | Phase I | * | |
Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana | CIGB-66 (RBD + aluminum hydroxide) | Phase I | * | |
Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./Dynavax | Protein subunit, native like trimeric subunit spike protein; (SCB-2019) | Phase I | ||
Covaxx/University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)/DASA/United Biomedical Inc. Asia | S1-RBD-protein; Multitope Peptide-Based Vaccine (MVP); UB-612 | Phase I | * | |
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute | SARS-CoV-2 recombinant Spike protein vaccine (Razi Cov Pars) | Phase I | * | |
University Hospital Tuebingen | SARS-CoV-2 HLA-DR peptides, (CoVAC-1) | Phase I | * | |
Vaxine Pty Ltd/Flinders University/Oracle/Medytox/Sypharma/Oxford Expression Technologies | Protein subunit; recombinant spike protein with Advax adjuvant (COVAX-19) | Phase I | * | |
Bionic nanoparticles vaccine | Novavax/Emergent Biosolutions/Praha Vaccines/Biofabri/Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies/FDB/Serum Institute of India/SK bioscience/Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited/AGC Biologics/PolyPeptide Group/Endo | Protein subunit; Full length recombinant SARs COV-2 glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Matrix M | Phase III | |
Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education | Covalently conjugating the self-assembled 24-mer ferritin to the receptor binding domain (RBD) and/or heptad repeat (HR) subunits of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein | Pre-clinical or early research | [102] | |
Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg | Constructed from the full–length, wild-type SARS–CoV-2 spike glycoprotein optimized for the baculovirus-Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cell expression system | Pre-clinical or early research | [103] | |
Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle | SARS-CoV-2 RBD-I53-50 Nanoparticle | Pre-clinical or early research | [104] |