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Table 3 Summary of studies that focused on branch, length of service, load carriage, MOS, previous deployment, and status (active vs. reserve) as risk factors for MskIs

From: Risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries in the military: a qualitative systematic review of the literature from the past two decades and a new prioritizing injury model

Study

Publication year

Country

Branches

Unit/training

Study type

n

Risk factor*

Branch

       

 Cameron [44]

2010

USA

Multiple

Active duty

R

423,581

Yes

 Owens [128]

2009

USA

Army, Marines, Navy, Air Force

Active duty

R

19,730

Yes

 Taanila [59]

2012

Finland

Army

Conscripts

P

982 M

Yes (M)

Length of service

       

 Hill [115]

2013

USA

Army

Active duty

R

83,323

Yes

 Knapik [86]

2008

USA

Army

Paratrooper training

R

1677

Yes

 Kuikka [36]

2013

Finland

Army

Conscripts

R

128,584

Yes

 Mattila [38]

2007

Finland

Army

Conscripts

P

149,750 M, 2345 F

No

 Reynolds [98]

2000

USA

Marines

Winter mountain training

P

356

No

 Schermann [129]

2018

Israel

Army

Infantry unit vs. female unit working with dogs##

R

7949

Yes

 Scott [122]

2015

USA

Army

Reserve Officer Training

R

165 M, 30 F

Yes

 Wilkinson [60]

2009

UK

Army

Infantry

P

660

No

Load carriage

       

 Constantini [130]

2010

Israel

Army

Border Police Infantry

P

1423 F

Yes (F)

 Knapik [83]

2013

USA

Army

Brigade Combat Team#

P

805

Yes

 Konitzer [131]

2008

USA

n/a

Active duty#

R

863

Yes

 Rappole [132]

2018

USA

Army

Active duty

R

368 F

No (F)

 Roy [133]

2012

USA

Army

Brigade Combat Team#

P

246 M, 17 F

Yes

 Roy [134]

2015

USA

Army

Brigade Combat Team#

R

536 M, 57 F

Yes

MOS

       

 Anderson [71]

2017

USA

Army

Light Infantry

R

4384 M, 363 F

No

 Darakjy [8]

2006

USA

Army

Active duty

P

4101 M, 413 F

Yes

 Roy [135]

2011

USA

Army

Brigade Combat Team

P

3066 patient encounters

Yes

 Schermann [129]

2018

Israel

Army

Infantry unit vs. female unit working with dogs

R

7949

Yes

 Schwartz [136]

2018

Israel

Army

Combat units

R

19,791 M

Yes (M)

 Sefton [137]

2016

USA

Army

Recruits IET

P

1788 M

Yes (M)

 Sharma [138]

2017

UK

Army

Recruits

P

5708

Yes

Previous deployment

       

 Hill [115]

2013

USA

Army

Active duty

R

83,323

Yes

 Konitzer [131]

2008

USA

n/a

Active duty#

R

863

Yes

 Roy [121]

2014

USA

Army

Active duty

R

625 F

Yes (F)

 Skeehan [139]

2009

USA

Army, Marine, Navy

Active duty#

R

3367

No

Status (active vs. reserve)

       

 Canham-Chervak [52]

2006

USA

Army

Recruits

P

1156 M, 746 f

No (M)

Yes (F)

 Knapik [87]

2008

USA

Army

Recruits BCT

P

2147 M, 920 F

Yes (invers)

 Skeehan [139]

2009

USA

Army, Marine, Navy

Active duty#

R

3367

Yes

  1. BCT basis combat training; IET initial entry training; n/a not available; R retrospective study; P prospective study; M male; F female; (M) risk factor only for males; (F) Risk factor only for females; MOS Military occupational specialty
  2. *Risk factor for musculoskeletal injuries (MSkI); #Deployment; ##LOS examined in month of service