Study | Publication year | Country | Branches | Unit/training | Study type | n | Risk factor* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Branch | |||||||
Cameron [44] | 2010 | USA | Multiple | Active duty | R | 423,581 | Yes |
Owens [128] | 2009 | USA | Army, Marines, Navy, Air Force | Active duty | R | 19,730 | Yes |
Taanila [59] | 2012 | Finland | Army | Conscripts | P | 982 M | Yes (M) |
Length of service | |||||||
Hill [115] | 2013 | USA | Army | Active duty | R | 83,323 | Yes |
Knapik [86] | 2008 | USA | Army | Paratrooper training | R | 1677 | Yes |
Kuikka [36] | 2013 | Finland | Army | Conscripts | R | 128,584 | Yes |
Mattila [38] | 2007 | Finland | Army | Conscripts | P | 149,750 M, 2345 F | No |
Reynolds [98] | 2000 | USA | Marines | Winter mountain training | P | 356 | No |
Schermann [129] | 2018 | Israel | Army | Infantry unit vs. female unit working with dogs## | R | 7949 | Yes |
Scott [122] | 2015 | USA | Army | Reserve Officer Training | R | 165 M, 30 F | Yes |
Wilkinson [60] | 2009 | UK | Army | Infantry | P | 660 | No |
Load carriage | |||||||
Constantini [130] | 2010 | Israel | Army | Border Police Infantry | P | 1423 F | Yes (F) |
Knapik [83] | 2013 | USA | Army | Brigade Combat Team# | P | 805 | Yes |
Konitzer [131] | 2008 | USA | n/a | Active duty# | R | 863 | Yes |
Rappole [132] | 2018 | USA | Army | Active duty | R | 368 F | No (F) |
Roy [133] | 2012 | USA | Army | Brigade Combat Team# | P | 246 M, 17 F | Yes |
Roy [134] | 2015 | USA | Army | Brigade Combat Team# | R | 536 M, 57 F | Yes |
MOS | |||||||
Anderson [71] | 2017 | USA | Army | Light Infantry | R | 4384 M, 363 F | No |
Darakjy [8] | 2006 | USA | Army | Active duty | P | 4101 M, 413 F | Yes |
Roy [135] | 2011 | USA | Army | Brigade Combat Team | P | 3066 patient encounters | Yes |
Schermann [129] | 2018 | Israel | Army | Infantry unit vs. female unit working with dogs | R | 7949 | Yes |
Schwartz [136] | 2018 | Israel | Army | Combat units | R | 19,791 M | Yes (M) |
Sefton [137] | 2016 | USA | Army | Recruits IET | P | 1788 M | Yes (M) |
Sharma [138] | 2017 | UK | Army | Recruits | P | 5708 | Yes |
Previous deployment | |||||||
Hill [115] | 2013 | USA | Army | Active duty | R | 83,323 | Yes |
Konitzer [131] | 2008 | USA | n/a | Active duty# | R | 863 | Yes |
Roy [121] | 2014 | USA | Army | Active duty | R | 625 F | Yes (F) |
Skeehan [139] | 2009 | USA | Army, Marine, Navy | Active duty# | R | 3367 | No |
Status (active vs. reserve) | |||||||
Canham-Chervak [52] | 2006 | USA | Army | Recruits | P | 1156 M, 746 f | No (M) Yes (F) |
Knapik [87] | 2008 | USA | Army | Recruits BCT | P | 2147 M, 920 F | Yes (invers) |
Skeehan [139] | 2009 | USA | Army, Marine, Navy | Active duty# | R | 3367 | Yes |