Table 2 Summary of studies that focused on current illness, prior pregnancy, prescription of contraceptives, prescription of NSAIDs, previous MSkIs, serum iron/serum ferritin, and vitamin D status as risk factors for MSkIs
Study | Publication year | Country | Branches | Unit/training | Study type | n | Risk factor* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current illness | |||||||
Grier [79] | 2010 | USA | Multiple | R | 24,177 M | Yes (M) | |
Prescription of contraceptives | |||||||
Knapik [87] | 2008 | USA | Army | Recruits BCT | P | 920 F | No |
Knapik [88] | 2009 | USA | Marines | Recruits BCT | P | 571 F | No |
Scheinowitz [101] | 2017 | Israel | Army | Recruits | P | 350 F | No |
Shaffer [109] | 2006 | USA | Marines | Recruits BCT | R | 2962 F | No |
Prescription of NSAID | |||||||
Hughes [50] | 2019 | USA | Army | Active duty | R | 120,730 | Yes |
Previous MSkI | |||||||
Cameron [110] | 2013 | USA | Army | Military Academy | P | 630 M, 84 F | Yes |
Cosman [64] | 2013 | USA | Army | Military Academy | P | 755 M, 136 F | No |
Evans [111] | 2005 | USA | Army | R | 1532 | Yes | |
Finestone [112] | 2011 | Israel | Army | Elite infantry soldier | P | 77 M | No (M) |
Garnock [113] | 2018 | Australia | Navy | Recruits | P | 95 M, 39 F | Yes |
George [114] | 2012 | USA | Army | Combat medics | P | 1230 | Yes |
Givon [61] | 2000 | Israel | n/a | P | 2306 M | Yes (M) (invers) | |
Hill [115] | 2013 | USA | Army | Active duty | R | 83,323 | Yes |
Knapik [81] | 2010 | USA | Air Force | Recruits BCT | P | 1042 M, 375 F | No |
Knapik [82] | 2013 | USA | Army | Army military police training | P | 1838 M, 553 F | Yes (M), No (F) |
Knapik [116] | 2013 | USA | Army | Combat engineer enlisted trainees | P | 1633 | Yes |
Knapik [83] | 2013 | USA | Army | Brigade Combat Team# | P | 805 | No |
Knapik [86] | 2008 | USA | Army | Paratrooper training | R | 1677 | Yes |
Knapik [87] | 2008 | USA | Army | Recruits BCT | P | 2147 M, 920 F | No (M), Yes (F) |
Kovcan [67] | 2019 | Slovenia | Army | Infantry, active duty | R | 118 M, 11 F | Yes |
Kucera [117] | 2016 | USA | Army | Cadets | P | 9811 | Yes |
Lappe [56] | 2001 | USA | Army | Recruits BCT | P | 3758 F | No (F) |
Lisman [118] | 2013 | USA | Marines | Officer candidate training | P | 874 | Yes |
Monnier [119] | 2019 | Sweden | Marines | Training course | P | 48 M, 5 F | Yes |
Rice [120] | 2017 | UK | Marines | Recruits | P | 147 M | Yes (M) (invers) |
Robinson [57] | 2016 | UK | Army | Recruits | P | 1810 | Yes |
Roos [99] | 2015 | Switzerland | Army | Recruits | P | 651 M | Yes (M) |
Roy [121] | 2014 | USA | Army | Active duty | R | 625 F | Yes (F) |
Schneider [58] | 2000 | USA | Army | Airborne Div | R | 1214 | Yes |
Scott [122] | 2015 | USA | Army | Reserve Officer Training | R | 165 M, 30 F | No |
Shaffer [109] | 2006 | USA | Marines | Recruits BCT | R | 2962 F | No (F) |
Taanila [123] | 2010 | Finland | n/a | Conscripts | P | 944 M | Yes (M) |
Wang [106] | 2003 | China | n/a | Military Police Forces Training | R | 805 M | Yes (M) |
Wilkinson [60] | 2009 | UK | Army | Infantry | P | 660 | Yes |
Zhao [108] | 2016 | China | Army | Recruits | P | 1398 M | Yes## (M) |
Prior pregnancy | |||||||
Knapik [87] | 2008 | USA | Army | Recruits BCT | P | 920 F | Yes |
Serum iron/serum ferritin | |||||||
Merkel [124] | 2008 | Israel | Army | Infantry/non-combatant (medics) | P | 83 M, 355 F | Yes |
Moran [125] | 2008 | Israel | Army | Recruits | P | 227 F | Yes (F) |
Vitamin D status | |||||||
Burgi [126] | 2011 | USA | Navy | Recruits | P | 2300 F | Yes (F) |
Davey [127] | 2016 | UK | Marines | P | 1082 M | Yes (M) | |
Givon [61] | 2000 | Israel | n/a | P | 2306 M | Yes (M) | |
Sanchez-Santos [65] | 2017 | UK | Marines | Recruits | P | 1082 M | No (M) |