Table 11 Summary of studies that focused on running shoes, participation in sports before military service, time available and participation rate in physical training, personal non-military training, unit training, training program content, and site as risk factors for MSkI
Study | Publication year | Country | Branches | Unit/training | Study type | n | Risk factor* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Running shoes | |||||||
Helton [198] | 2019 | USA | Military Academy | Cadets | P | 827 | No |
Participation in sport before military service (no or low) | |||||||
Canham-Chervak [52] | 2006 | USA | Army | Recruits | P | 1156 M, 746 f | Yes |
Dash [66] | 2012 | India | Army | Recruits | P | 8570 | Yes |
Finestone [112] | 2011 | Israel | Army | Elite Infantry soldier | P | 77 M | Yes (only for ball sports) |
Garnock [113] | 2018 | Australia | Navy | Recruits | P | 95 M, 39 F | No (running) |
Kelly [80] | 2000 | USA | Navy | Recruits BCT | R | 86 F | No (F) |
Knapik [82] | 2013 | USA | Army | Army military police training | P | 1838 M, 553 F | Yes |
Knapik [116] | 2013 | USA | Army | Combat engineer enlisted trainees | P | 1633 | Yes |
Knapik [85] | 2001 | USA | Army | Recruits | P | 182 M, 168 F | No |
Knapik [87] | 2008 | USA | Army | Recruits BCT | P | 2147 M, 920 F | Yes (M), no (F) |
Knapik [88] | 2009 | USA | Marines | Recruits BCT | P | 840 M, 571 F | Yes (M), no (F) |
Lappe [55] | 2005 | USA | Army | Recruits BCT | R | 4139 F | Yes (F) |
Lappe [56] | 2001 | USA | Army | Recruits BCT | P | 3758 F | Yes (F) |
Lisman [118] | 2013 | USA | Marines | Officer candidate training | P | 874 | Yes |
Monnier [119] | 2019 | Sweden | Marines | Training course | P | 48 M, 5 F | No |
Pihlajamäki [93] | 2019 | Finland | n/a | Full duty | R | 4029 M | Yes (M) |
Rauh [186] | 2006 | USA | Marines | P | 824 F | Yes (F) | |
Rosendal [187] | 2003 | Denmark | n/a | Conscripts BCT | P | 330 | Yes |
Sanchez-Santos [65] | 2017 | UK | Marines | Recruits | P | 1082 M | Yes (M) (invers) |
Scheinowitz [101] | 2017 | Israel | Army | Recruits | P | 350 F | No (F) |
Scott [122] | 2015 | USA | Army | Reserve Officer Training | R | 165 M, 30 F | No |
Taanila [104] | 2015 | Finland | Army | Conscripts | P | 1411 M | Yes (M) |
Trone [105] | 2014 | USA | Marine Corp Air Force Army | Recruits BCT | R | 900 M, 597 F | Yes |
Wang [106] | 2003 | China | n/a | Military Police Forces Training | R | 805 M | Yes (M) |
Zhao [108] | 2016 | China | Army | Recruits | P | 1398 M | Yes (M) |
Time available for taking part in physical training (low) | |||||||
Knapik [86] | 2008 | USA | Army | Paratrooper training | R | 1677 | No |
Wyss [68] | 2014 | Switzerland | Army | Recruits BCT | P | 1676 | Yes |
Participation rate in physical training (low) | |||||||
Knapik [84] | 2007 | USA | Army | Band | R | 159 M, 46 F | Yes |
Martin [184] | 2018 | USA | Army | Light Infantry division | R | 6865 | Yes |
Roy [133] | 2012 | USA | Army | Brigade Combat Team# | P | 246 M, 17 F | No |
Roy [121] | 2014 | USA | Army | Active duty | R | 625 F | Yes (F) |
Scott [122] | 2015 | USA | Army | Reserve Officer Training | R | 165 M, 30 F | No |
Wilkinson [60] | 2009 | UK | Army | Infantry | P | 660 | No |
Personal non-military training (high amounts) | |||||||
George [114] | 2012 | USA | Army | Combat medics | P | 1230 | No |
Grier [78] | 2017 | USA | Army | Infantry brigade | R | 4236 M | Yes (M) (invers) |
Lisman [118] | 2013 | USA | Marines | Officer candidate training | P | 874 | No |
Moran [62] | 2012 | Israel | Army | Recruits of elite combat unit | P | 116 | Yes |
Rappole [132] | 2018 | USA | Army | Active duty | R | 368 F | Yes (F) (invers) |
Shaffer [109] | 2006 | USA | Marines | Recruits BCT | R | 2962 F | Yes (F) |
Taanila [59] | 2012 | Finland | Army | Conscripts | P | 982 M | No (M) |
Wyss [68] | 2014 | Switzerland | Army | Recruits BCT | P | 1676 | Yes |
Unit training (high amounts) | |||||||
Grier [78] | 2017 | USA | Army | Infatery brigades | R | 4236 M | Yes (M) |
Knapik [199] | 2011 | USA | Army | Recruits BCT | P | 2072 | Yes |
Lauder [90] | 2000 | USA | Army | Active duty | P | 230 (F) | Yes (F) |
Lisman [118] | 2013 | USA | Marines | Officer candidate training | P | 874 | No |
Moran [149] | 2013 | Israel | Army | Recruits | P | 44 | Yes |
Nye [151] | 2016 | USA | Air Force | Recruits BCT | R | 67,525 | Yes |
Roos [99] | 2015 | Switzerland | Army | Recruits | P | 651 M | Yes (M) |
Roy [177] | 2012 | USA | Army | Brigade Combat Team | R | 593 | No |
Schuh [200] | 2017 | USA | Army | Infantry soldiers | R | 831 | Yes |
Scott [122] | 2015 | USA | Army | Reserve Officer Training | R | 165 M, 30 F | Yes |
Wang [106] | 2003 | China | n/a | Military Police Forces Training | R | 805 M | No (M) |
Training program content | |||||||
Knapik [201] | 2005 | USA | Army | Recruits BCT | P | 1142 M, 825 F | Yes |
Kovcan [67] | 2019 | Slovenia | Army | Infantry, active duty | R | 118 M, 11 F | No |
Rappole [132] | 2018 | USA | Army | Active duty | R | 368 F | Yes1 |
Waterman [165] | 2010 | USA | Military Academy Students | R | 10,511 person years | Yes | |
Training site | |||||||
Blacker [161] | 2008 | UK | Army | Recruits | R | 11,937 M, 1480 F | Yes |
Givon [61] | 2000 | Israel | n/a | P | 2306 M | No (M) | |
Grier [79] | 2010 | USA | Multiple | R | 24,177 M | Yes (M) | |
Jones [33] | 2008 | USA | Army | Ordinance school students | P | n/a | Yes |
Schneider [58] | 2000 | USA | Army | Airborne Div | R | 1214 | No |
Wilkinson [60] | 2009 | UK | Army | Infantry | P | 660 | No |