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Table 2 Application of PD-L1 carried by TEXs in evaluation drug resistance and tack prognosis

From: The roles of exosomal immune checkpoint proteins in tumors

Cancer

Expression of PD-L1 carried by TEXs

Effect

Material

Sample

References

HNSCC

Disease progression

PB

40 HNSCC patients

[52]

PDAC

 + 

Shorter postoperative survival time

PB

55 PDAC patients

[58]

Melanoma

Respond to treatment

PB

18 melanoma patients

[63]

NSCLC

Respond to treatment

PB

8 NSCLC patients

[63]

Metastatic melanoma

Distinguish melanoma patients from healthy donors

PB

Patients with stage III to IV melanoma and healthy donors

[57]

Melanoma

Fail to respond to the anti-PD-1 treatment

PB

Melanoma patients

[57]

Melanoma

T cell re-invigoration

PB

Melanoma patients on pembrolizumab therapy within 6 weeks

[57]

Glioblastoma

Larger glioblastoma tumor volume

PB

21 glioblastoma patients

[56]

  1. “↑” Increased, “↓” Decreased, “+” Positive, TEXs tumor-derived exosomes, PD-L1 programmed death ligand 1, HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, PB peripheral blood, PDAC pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, NSCLC non-small-cell lung cancer, anti-PD-1 anti-programmed death 1