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Table 5 Questions on trauma knowledge and number of correct responses before the training

From: Cross-sectional study of the educational background and trauma knowledge of trainees in the “China trauma care training” program

Questions and correct options

Correct

Wrong

[n (%)]

[n (%)]

1. What does the initial assessment of trauma care not include?

A. Drug use

1092 (90.2)

119 (9.8)

2. The incorrect description of airway assessment and management in the initial assessment of trauma is:

C. Connect the patient with a multifunction monitor when the patient arrives at the emergency department, and then, assess whether the airway is safe.

963 (79.5)

248 (20.5)

3. In the initial assessment of trauma emergency, the key component of a respiratory assessment does not include:

D. Fracture of the sternum

1092 (90.2)

119 (9.8)

4. In the initial assessment of a trauma emergency, an incorrect assessment and treatment of circulation is:

B. Central venous catheterization must be performed on patients with shock

880 (72.7)

331 (27.2)

5. In the assessment of a trauma emergency, which is not one of the most common factors in patients with a disturbance of consciousness

E. Cerebrovascular accident

344 (28.4)

867 (71.6)

6. In the initial assessment of a trauma emergency, an incorrect description of disposure and environmental control is:

C. Maintain the temperature of the rescue room to ensure the staff’s tolerance

488 (40.3)

723 (59.7)

7. The most important immediate treatment for open pneumothorax:

D. Close the wound with binders

972 (80.3)

239 (19.7)

8. Pelvic fracture with urethral injury and shock:

C. Anti-shock followed by pelvic traction and fixation, and then, urethral injury treatment

840 (69.4)

371 (30.6)

9. The total time of single continuous use of a tourniquet for limb bleeding should not exceed:

E. One hour

782 (64.6)

429 (35.4)

10. The first choice for rapid assessment of closed abdominal injury is:

B. Bedside FAST

634 (52.4)

577 (47.7)

11. After a motorcycle accident, a patient presents with poor pupillary reflex and stabbing pain at the eye opening. He or she is unable to follow instructions and exhibits intermittent groans. He or she has a malformed right upper limb and does not respond to painful stimulation. He or she has obvious pain in the left upper limb when straightening the back. The GCS is:

C. 6 points

780 (64.4)

431 (35.6)

12. A 20-year-old female at 32 weeks’ gestation with a right upper chest puncture wound, an emergency BP of 80/60 mmHg, difficulty breathing, and anxiety yells for help. Respiratory sounds disappeared in the right chest. The most appropriate primary treatment is:

C. Establish a venous route+ emergency puncture decompression in the right chest

1134 (93.6)

77 (6.4)

13. A worker fell from 5 m high and landed on both feet. He or she has pain in the ankles and feet, numbness in the lower limbs, mild nausea without vomiting, a BP of 95/60 mmHg, and P of 100 beats/min, and the X-rays show a comminuted fracture of the calcaneus on both sides. Which assessment is the most likely to be missed in the emergency department?

D. Spinal examination and radiology

828 (68.4)

383 (31.6)

14. A 21-year-old farmer is admitted to the hospital 1 h after being injured by a stone. The patient is agitated and has a weak pulse. The abdomen is soft with light tenderness. A 5 cm-long skin wound is visible on the anterior superior iliac spine. Pelvic compression test is positive. What do you think is the most important measure to take:

E. To stem the bleeding and fix the pelvis with a pelvic girdle or an external pelvic fixation bracket

901 (74.4)

310 (25.6)

15. A 29-year-old male presents with pain and bleeding in the abdomen and both lower extremities for 4 h after a car accident. The physical examination results are as follows: BP of 127/83 mmHg, P of 121 beats/min, and RR of 21 times/min. He has abdominal tenderness, rebound pain (−), pelvic swelling, a malformed left hip, a movement disturbance, multiple skin and soft tissue contusions in both lower limbs, a passable bilateral femoral artery pulse, symmetrical, a left tibiofibular fracture and exposure and the left dorsal foot artery pulse disappears. No abnormality is seen in an abdominal B ultrasound scan. The most important treatment at present is:

B. To complete the auxiliary examination, including a CT angiography study of both lower limbs and preparations for left lower limb revascularization.

877 (72.4)

334 (25.6)

16. A 33-year-old male falls from the third floor. He is not in a coma and does not have a scalp laceration or bleeding, and he is admitted to the hospital due to acute pains in the left chest and left upper abdomen for 8 h. The physical examination results are as follows: RR of 45 times/min, P of 130 beats/min, and BP of 80/60 mmHg. Swelling and deformity of the left upper limb with a sensation of bone rubbing are present. A 5 × 4 cm ecchymosis on the left chest, full abdominal tenderness, rebound tenderness, and muscular tension are present. The shifting dullness result is positive, with HB of 40 g/L. Which treatment should be done first:

C. An immediate exploratory laparotomy after infusions

757 (62.5)

454 (37.5)

17. A young patient has a stab wound in the fourth intercostal space at the left midclavicular line, bleeding, BP of 80/60 mmHg, HR of 130 beats/min, RR of 40 times/min, a weakened precordial beat, and distention of jugular vein. The key measure of treatment is:

C. Exploratory thoracotomy

867 (71.6)

344 (28.4)

18. A 35-year-old male presents with waist pain for 1 h due to fall from a high place. The physical examination results are as follows: BP of 110/75 mmHg, P of 107 beats/min, and RR of 28 times/min. Sensory and motor dysfunctions in both lower limbs, urinary and fecal dysfunctions, and perineal laceration with serious trauma contamination are present. X-rays indicate a burst fracture of L3. Of the following treatments, which is incorrect:

B. Conservative treatment of spinal cord injury with a large dose of glucocorticoid and mannitol for dehydration

622 (51.4)

589 (48.6)

19. For patients with inserted foreign matter, what is the immediate solution on site:

C. Do not remove the foreign matter; transfer the patient to a hospital after performing simple fixation and dressing.

1173 (96.9)

38 (3.1)

20. What indicates a fracture:

A. Pelvic compression or a positive separation test result.

1172 (96.9)

39 (3.1)

  1. FAST Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma, MRI Magnetic resonance imaging, HR Heart rate, BP Blood pressure, WBC White blood cell, P Pulse, T Temperature, Hb Hemoglobin, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale