Table 1 Basic demographics and pain characteristics of adolescents with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
Age [year, median (range)] | 19.3 (19–20) |
Male [n (%)] | 63 (100) |
Education [n (%)] | |
 College or more | 40 (63.5) |
 High school or less | 23 (36.5) |
Socioeconomic status [n (%)] | |
 High | 8 (12.7) |
 Middle | 33 (52.4) |
 Low | 22 (34.9) |
Parental coresidence status [n (%)] | |
 Both | 54 (85.7) |
 One parent | 8 (12.7) |
 None | 1 (1.6) |
Abnormal MPI results [n (%)] | 20 (31.7) |
mCSS (2–9, x ± s) | 4.05 ± 1.58 |
NRS (0–10, x ± s) | 6.25 ± 1.57 |
Pain duration (month, x ± s) | 27.41 ± 2.67 |
CRPS type [n (%)] | |
 I | 49 (77.8) |
 II | 14 (22.2) |
Affected site [n (%)] | |
 Upper extremity | 18 (28.6) |
 Lower extremity | 43 (68.3) |
 Multiple | 2 (3.2) |
Symptomatic presentation [n (%)] | |
 Allodynia | 45 (71.4) |
 Hyperalgesia | 42 (66.7) |
 Temperature asymmetry | 34 (54.0) |
 Skin color asymmetry | 36 (57.1) |
 Sweating asymmetry | 28 (44.4) |
 Asymmetric edema | 26 (41.3) |
 Trophic changes | 12 (19.0) |
 Motor dysfunction | 21 (33.3) |
 Decreased active range of motion | 8 (12.7) |
Treatment [n (%)] | |
 Physical or pharmacological therapy | 21 (33.3) |
 Sympathetic nerve intervention | 33 (52.4) |
 Spinal cord stimulation | 9 (14.3) |