From: Sex-based differences in the prevalence of acute mountain sickness: a meta-analysis
Study and setting | Subjects (n) | Sample design | Sampling frame | Measures | Unbiased assessors | Response rate and refusers | Prevalence rate | Score and limitations |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Murdoch et al. (1995) [4] Shyangboche, Asia | 154 | Guests Mean 45.3 years | Guests staying at hotel | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | Microbiologist Negative screens not assessed | 97.5% Refusers not described | 89% of famales 69% of males CI given for OR | Score 5 Poor sample size Negative screens not assessed Refusers not described No CI given |
Ziaee et al. (2003) [9] Mount Damavand, Asia | 459 | Trekkers Mean 31.9 years | Trekkers around Mount Damavand in Iran | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | Pediatrist Epidemiologist Infectious diseases scientist Negative screens not assessed | 100% Refusers not described | 60.8% (279/459) No CI given | Score 5 Negative screens not assessed Refusers not described No CI given |
Wagner et al. (2008) [10] Mount Whitney, North America | 886 | Hikers Mean 37.6 years | Trekkers on Mt.Whitney | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | Six interviewers Negative screens not assessed | 100% Refusers not described | 42.6% (337/886) No CI given | Score 5 Negative screens not assessed Refusers not described No CI given |
Jafarian et al. (2008) [27] Tehran, Asia | 90 | Volunteers Mean 28.8 years | Individuals in a mountain hotel’s clinic | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | Neurologist Anesthesiologist Negative screens not assessed | 100% Refusers not described | 37.8% (34/90) CI given for subgroup | Score 5 Poor sample size Negative screens not assessed Refusers not described |
Mairer et al. (2009) [22] Austrian Alps, Europe | 422 | Recreational hikers Mean 37.4 years | Recreational hikers | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | Medical researcher Negative screens not assessed | 90% Refusers described | 16.6% (70/422) No CI given | Score 6 Negative screens not assessed No CI given |
Wu et al. (2010) [28] Lhasa, Asia | 222 | Passengers Mean 40.4 years | Qinghai–Tibet railroad passengers | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | Physiological Research Group of the Ministry of Railroad Negative screens not assessed | 100% Refusers not described | 27.0% (60/222) No CI given | Score 4 Poor sample size Negative screens not assessed Refusers not described No CI given |
Mairer et al. (2010) [29] Alps, Europe | 155 | Mountaineers Mean 34.7 years (group 1) Mean 36.8 years (group 2) | Trekkers in both the Eastern and Western Alps | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | Sport Scientists Medical researchers Negative screens not assessed | 100% Refusers described | 37.4% (58/155) No CI given | Score 5 Poor sample size Negative screens not assessed No CI given |
Wang et al. (2010) [11] Jade Mountain, Asia | 1066 | Hikers Mean 40.2 years | Trekkers visiting Paiyun Lodge on Jade Mountain | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | Health workers Medical researchers and doctors Negative screens not assessed | 100% Refusers not described | 36.0% (384/1066) No CI given | Score 5 Negative screens not assessed Refusers not described No CI given |
Modesti et al. (2011) [8] Mount Everest Base Camp, Asia | 47 | Volunteers Mean 40 years | Recruited volunteers | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | Medical researchers, doctors statistician Negative screens assessed | 100% Refusers not described | 34.0% (16/47) No CI given | Score 5 Poor sample size Refusers not described No CI given |
Chen et al. (2012) [23] Jade Mountain, Asia | 787 | Random sample Hikers Mean 42 years | Trekkers on Jade Mountain | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | Doctors, Health Scientists Negative screens not assessed | 100% Refusers not described | 32.8% (258/787) No CI given | Score 5 Negative screens not assessed Refusers not described No CI given |
Maclnnis et al. (2013) [30] Gosainkunda,Asia | 491 | Pilgrims Mean 36.7 years | Pilgrims travel to the Janai Purnima festival in Gosainkunda, Nepal (4380 m) | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | medical student or intern Negative screens not assessed | 100% Refusers not described | 34.0% (167/491) CI given for RR | Score 6 Negative screens not assessed Refusers not described |
Mandolesi et al. (2014) [31] Mount Rosa, Europe | 60 | Mountaineers Mean 36.4 years | Recruited Mountaineers | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | Medical researchers Negative screens not assessed | 100% Refusers not described | 40.0% (24/60) No CI given | Score 4 Poor sample size Negative screens not assessed Refusers not described No CI given |
Hsu et al. (2015) [32] Jiaming Lake, Asia | 91 | Mountaineers Mean 19.8 years | Mountaineers climbing to Jiaming Lake in Taiwan | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | Three trained emergency physicians Negative screens not assessed | 100% Refusers not described | 20.9% (19/91) No CI given | Score 4 Poor sample size Negative screens not assessed Refusers not described No CI given |
Ren et al.(2015) [33] Lhasa, Asia | 80 | Volunteers Mean 38.4 years | Recruited volunteers | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | Medical researcher Negative screens not assessed | 100% Refusers not described | 43.8% (35/80) No CI given | Score 4 Poor sample size Negative screens not assessed Refusers not described No CI given |
Horiuchi et al. (2016) [34] Mount Fuji | 345 | Climbers Mean 36.1 years | Climbers on Mt.Fuji | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | Medical researchers Negative screens assessed | 88.9% Refusers not described | 29.5% (98/345) No CI given | Score 5 Poor response rate Refusers not described No CI given |
Sánchez-Mascuñano et al. (2017) [35] Spain, Europe | 302 | Travellers Mean 37.7 years | Travellers in Barcelona,Spain | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | Trained medical doctor Negative screens not assessed | 92.4% Refusers described | 25.8% (78/302) 95% CI 20.9–30.8 | Score 7 Negative screens not assessed |
Horiuchi et al. (2018) [12] Mount Fuji, Asia | 1932 | Climbers Mean 37.4 years | Climbers on Mt.Fuji in Japan | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system | Scientific researcher Negative screens not assessed | 100% Refusers not described | 31.6% (610/1932) CI given for subgroup | Score 6 Negative screens not assessed Refusers not described |
J. Boos et al. (2018) [36] Himalayas, Asia | 80 | Military servicemen Mean 32.1 years | Dhaulagiri region of the Himalayas | Lake Louise consensus AMS self assessment scoring system AMS-C Scores State-Trait-Anxiety-Score | Medical researchers Negative screens not assessed | 100% Refusers not described | 47.5% (38/80) CI given for Independent predictors | Score 5 Poor sample size Negative screens not assessed Refusers not described |