Table 3 The Haddon matrix and the medical response to dirty bomb attacks in subway systems (excluding the content described in Table 2)
From: Using the Haddon matrix to explore medical response strategies for terrorist subway bombings
Phase | Host | Agent/vehicle | Physical environment | Social environment/Organizational culture |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-event | •Standards of individuals’ training, especially for nuclear and radiological attacks •Malicious determination and ability of terrorists | •Sources of radioactive materials | •Adequacy and effectiveness of first-aid kits, instruments, and PPE •Distribution of hospitals along the subway lines (including hospitals that treat radiation sickness) •Adequacy of the medical evacuation equipment for radiation-contaminated casualties •Adequacy and effectiveness of equipment in radiation the detection and decontamination | •None |
Event | •Protection capability from ionizing radiation | •The dose and types of radioactive materials released | •Construction of a decontamination station •Water supply for decontamination •Disposal of radioactive sewage | •None |
Post-event | •Health care for the staff (including radiation dose detection) | •Duration of radioactive contamination | •Medical evacuation equipment decontamination •Hospital decontamination | •None |