Changes in insomnia severity with advanced PAP therapy in patients with posttraumatic stress symptoms and comorbid sleep apnea: a retrospective, nonrandomized controlled study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of total sample and compliance groups: Compliant Regular Users, Sub-Compliant Regular Users, and Non-Compliant Minimal Users^a

Item	Total sample (n = 96)	Compliant regular users (C-RU, n = 68)	Sub-compliant regular users (SC-RU, n = 12)	Non-compliant minimal users (NC-MU, n = 16)	P-value^b
Sociodemographic
Female [n(%)]	49 (51.0)	35 (51.5)	5 (41.7)	9 (56.3)	0.741
Age (year)	49.29 ± 12.96	50.30 ± 13.06	43.88 ± 12.72	49.05 ± 12.47	0.288
BMI (kg/m²)	33.95 ± 10.63	34.75 ± 11.14	35.81 ± 11.74	29.14 ± 5.41	0.133
Caucasian [n(%)]	55 (57.3)	43 (63.2)	5 (41.7)	7 (43.8)	0.185
Hispanic [n(%)]	31 (32.3)	20 (29.4)	5 (41.7)	6 (37.5)	0.625
Some college or less [n(%)]	59 (61.5)	40 (58.8)	9 (75.0)	10 (62.5)	0.567
Married/Living with partner [n(%)]	50 (52.1)	33 (48.5)	8 (66.7)	9 (56.3)	0.175
Baseline
PSS	30.67 ± 8.11	29.97 ± 7.64	30.33 ± 6.02	33.88 ± 10.76	0.215
ISI	20.47 ± 5.01	19.96 ± 5.41	20.83 ± 4.06	22.38 ± 3.32	0.222^c
Sleep indices
AHI-diagnostic	27.97 ± 27.83	30.34 ± 31.22	16.83 ± 11.69	26.29 ± 18.04	0.294
RDI-diagnostic	51.58 ± 35.47	49.59 ± 38.74	50.95 ± 24.35	60.51 ± 26.97	0.545
Subjective sleep metrics
SOL (min)	94.72 ± 92.41	87.09 ± 78.75	97.58 ± 89.80	125.00 ± 138.65	0.338
SE (%)	71.9 ± 18.0	72.6 ± 17.7	81.6 ± 23.7	61.9 ± 23.0	0.029^c
WASO (min)	126.21 ± 113.63	110.71 ± 101.67	104.42 ± 109.77	208.44 ± 136.08	0.006^c
Medications [n(%)]
Hypnotics	42 (43.8)	26 (38.2)	7 (58.3)	9 (56.3)	0.235
Mood Stabilizers	54 (56.3)	38 (55.9)	6 (50.0)	10 (62.5)	0.799
Opiates	15 (15.6)	9 (13.2)	1 (8.3)	5 (31.3)	0.154
Over the Counter	28 (29.2)	22 (32.3)	1 (8.3)	5 (31.3)	0.236
Seizure Medication	17 (17.7)	11 (16.2)	2 (16.7)	4 (25.0)	0.704

BMI Body mass index, PSS PTSD Symptom scale, ISI Insomnia severity index, AHI Apnea hypopnea index, RDI Respiratory disturbance index, SOL Sleep onset latency, SE Sleep efficiency, WASO Wake after sleep onset. ^aAverage expressed as: % or mean ± SD; ^bP-value obtained using: 3-way ANOVA for continuous variables, Chi Square for dichotomous variables; ^cExploratory analysis for significance and effect size in relevant variable by group comparisons:
i) Finding of significance for ISI: C-RU vs. NC-MU (P = 0.91; g = 0.47); SC-RU vs. NC-MU (P = 0.597; g = 0.16); C-RU vs. SC-RU (P = 0.276; g = 0.41)
ii) Finding of significance for SE: C-RU vs. NC-MU (P = 0.043, g = 0.56); SC-RU vs. NC-MU (P = 0.036, g = 0.82); C-RU vs. SC-RU (P = 0.129, g = 1.48)
iii) Finding of significance for WASO: C-RU vs. NC-MU (P = 0.002, g = 0.89); SC-RU vs. NC-MU (P = 0.039, g = 1.80); C-RU vs. SC-RU (P = 0.846, g = 0.06)

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