Fig. 2

IL-25 mediates LEPC-mediated suppression of exosome release from Mϕ. a BMDM were treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) with or without recombinant IL-25 (200 ng/ml), IL-33 (200 ng/ml), or TSLP (200 ng/ml) for 24 h followed by isolation of exosomes from the cell culture supernatants, and CD63+ exosomes were identified by flow cytometry. b BMDM cultured alone or cocultured with LEPCs were treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) in the presence or absence of anti-IL-25 neutralizing antibody (10 μg/ml) or control non-specific IgG (10 μg/ml). CD63+ exosomes were detected by flow cytometry. c and d LEPCs were treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 0, 6, 12, or 24 h, and the IL-25 mRNA expression in the LEPCs and IL-25 protein concentration in the supernatants were measured by RT-qPCR (c) and ELISA (d), respectively. e BMDM were treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h, and the cell surface expression of IL-25R was measured by flow cytometry. All results are representative of three independent experiments. The graphs show the mean ± SEM, n = 3; *P < 0.05 or **P < 0.01, compared with the indicated groups or with the control