Autoimmune disease | Case-control studies (No. of studies showing increased risk/total no. of studies) | Cohort studies (No. of studies showing increased risk/total no. of studies) | Range of observed OR (RR) of developing diseases |
---|---|---|---|
RA | 0.6-3.4 -Risk increases with increases in the duration and intensity of smoking -Males are more prone | ||
MS | 1.6-1.9 -Risk increases with increases in the intensity of smoking | ||
SLE | 0.5-6.7 -Current smokers are mainly at risk | ||
GD | 1/1 [66] | 1.3-8.2 -Current smokers are at higher risk than former smokers -Risk increases with increases in the intensity of smoking -Females might be more prone | |
Primary biliary cirrhosis | - | 1.6-3.5 |