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Table 1 Verified biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of trauma-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome

From: Biomarkers for patients with trauma associated acute respiratory distress syndrome

Injury pathway

Biomarker

Pattern in ARDS

Clinical association

Statistic description

Reference

Endothelial injury

Ang-2

elevated

Predicting ARDS

mortality

AUC: 0.74 (95% CI, 0.62–0.84)

OR: 4.0 (95% CI, 1.6–10.2)

[18]

[19]

L-Selectin

decreased

Higher ARDS incidence

Serum Concentration in ARDS: 262.7 g/L

(95% CI, 113.5–411.9 g/L)

[23]

Epithelial injury

sRAGE

elevated

Early onset of ARDS

ARDS incidence

1773 (949–3227) vs. 1226 (773–1944)

Fold change: 3

[26]

[27]

SP-D

decreased

Higher mortality

Worse oxygenation

ARDS diagnosis

AUC: 0.69 (95% CI, 0.6, 0.76)

[29]

[29]

[30]

CC16

elevated

Lung contusion volume

ARDS mortality

r = 0.78, P < 0.0001

[31]

[33]

Coagulation

Histones

elevated

ARDS incidence

SOFA scores

Fold change: 6.72

r = 0.55, P < 0.01

[40]

[40]

Inflammation

mtDNA

elevated

SIRS

mortality

AUC: 0.725 (95% CI 0.613–0.837).

RR: 20.4 (95% CI, 1.3–318)

[43]

[45]

  1. Ang-2 Angiopoietin-2, ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome, AUC area under the curve, CC16 Clara cell protein 16, mtDNA Mitochondrial DNAs, OR Odds ratio, RR Relative risks, SIRS Systemic inflammatory distress syndrome, sRAGE Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products, SP-D surfactant protein D, WMD weighted mean difference