|
Research
|
Altitude (m)
|
Sample size
|
AMS
|
Normal
|
Diagnosis of AMS with cut-off value
|
Age (mean)
|
BMI (mean)
|
Sex (m/f)
|
|---|
|
Smoking
|
Non-smoking
|
Smoking
|
Non-smoking
|
Smoking
|
Non-smoking
|
AMS
|
Normal
|
AMS
|
Normal
|
AMS
|
Normal
|
|---|
|
Ren, 2015 [14]
|
4300
|
16
|
64
|
3
|
32
|
13
|
32
|
LLS > 3
|
38.1
|
38.6
|
24.7
|
26.2
|
9/26
|
22/23
|
|
Wu, 2012 [17]
|
4525
|
182
|
200
|
71
|
102
|
111
|
98
|
LLS >3 OR LLS >4
| | | | | | |
|
You, 2012 [19]
|
4300
|
138
|
176
|
36
|
83
|
102
|
93
|
LLS > 4
|
20.08
|
20.25
|
21.31
|
21.47
|
119/0
|
195/0
|
|
MacInnis, 2013 [26]
|
4380
|
147
|
344
|
42
|
125
|
105
|
219
|
LLS ≥ 3
| | | | |
100/67
|
244/80
|
|
Mairer, 2010(a) [28]
|
3454
|
9
|
66
|
4
|
26
|
5
|
40
|
LLS ≥ 4
|
35.1
|
34.5
|
23.4
|
23.3
|
25/5
|
39/6
|
|
Mairer, 2010(b) [28]
|
3817
|
13
|
67
|
3
|
25
|
10
|
42
|
36.2
|
38.1
|
23.5
|
22.8
|
22/6
|
41/11
|
|
Mairer, 2009 [27]
|
3500
|
61
|
370
|
12
|
58
|
49
|
312
|
LLS ≥ 4
|
38.4
|
37.2
|
23.7
|
23.3
|
50/20
|
266/86
|
|
Schneider, 2002(a) [4]
|
4559
|
56
|
331
|
16
|
103
|
40
|
228
|
ESQ ≥ 0.70
|
38.2
|
22.6
|
314/73
|
|
Schneider, 2002(b) [4]
|
4559
|
72
|
368
|
21
|
99
|
51
|
269
|
37.0
|
22.7
|
359/81
|
- Mairer (2010) [28] reported two studies (2010a and 2010b) that were independent. Schneider (2002) [4] also published two studies (2002a and 2002b) that were independent. Schneider (2002) [4] used the Environmental Symptom Questionnaire (ESQ) to diagnose AMS using an ESQ cut-off value of 0.70, which corresponded to a Lake Louise Score (LLS) of 4. Wu (2012) [17] did not provide original data regarding age, gender or BMI. MacInnis (2013) [26] did not provide clear data regarding age or BMI. Schneider (2002) [4] provided only data regarding the total population of subjects. In addition, we analyzed how the studies defined smoking and found that only one article (Wu (2012) [17]) provided the following clear definition of smoking: “A smoker was someone who smoked 10 or more cigarettes/day for >6 months”
