Table 4 Upper extremity muscle strength in bilateral upper limb amputees (n = 206)

 Elevation

93

7

0

1

87

10

0

0

18

9.1

 Depression

92

8

0

1

86

11

0

0

20

10.1

 Protraction

89

8

0

3

83

7

5

2

25

12.6

 Retraction

86

11

1

3

79

9

6

2

32

16.1

 Flexion

86

9

0

1

83

8

2

0

20

10.8

 Extension

85

10

0

1

82

8

2

0

21

11.3

 Abduction

77

15

2

1

77

11

4

0

33

17.7

 Adduction

84

9

1

1

79

9

3

0

24

12.4

 Horizontal abduction

82

11

2

1

78

9

4

0

27

14.5

 Horizontal adduction

83

11

0

1

78

9

3

0

24

12.9

 External rotation

75

16

3

1

77

11

3

1

35

18.8

 Internal rotation

74

16

3

1

77

11

3

1

35

18.8

 Flexion

78

6

1

2

75

8

0

1

18

10.5

 Extension

78

6

1

2

75

8

0

1

18

10.5

 Pronation

76

5

1

1

71

9

0

1

17

10.4

 Supination

76

4

1

1

71

8

0

1

15

9.3

 Ulnar deviation

7

3

1

5

7

2

0

5

16

53.3

 Radial deviation

7

3

1

5

7

2

0

5

16

53.3

 Flexion

7

5

0

4

7

2

0

5

16

53.3

 Extension

8

4

1

3

7

2

0

5

15

50.0

 Flexion

4

1

2

4

3

0

2

4

13

65.0

 Extension

4

1

2

4

3

0

2

3

12

63.2

 Abduction

4

0

3

3

3

0

1

2

9

56.3

 Flexion of proximal interphalangeal

4

0

3

4

3

0

2

2

11

61.1

 Extension of distal interphalangeal

4

0

4

3

3

0

2

2

11

61.1

 Metacarpophalangeal flexion

3

1

4

2

2

0

1

3

11

68.8

 Interphalangeal flexion

2

1

4

2

2

0

1

3

11

73.3

 Palmar abduction

2

1

3

2

3

0

1

3

10

66.7

 Radial abduction

2

1

3

2

3

0

1

3

10

66.7

 Opposition

2

0

3

3

3

0

1

3

10

66.7