Table 2 Passive range of motion of upper extremity joints in bilateral upper limb amputees (n = 103)
Joint | Right side | Left side | Unilateral/Bilateral limited | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Limited | Normal | NAa | Limited | Normal | NA | n | %b | |
Scapula | ||||||||
Elevation | 0 | 100 | 3 | 0 | 101 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Depression | 0 | 100 | 3 | 1 | 100 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Protraction | 1 | 99 | 3 | 2 | 99 | 2 | 1 | 1.0 |
Retraction | 2 | 98 | 3 | 4 | 97 | 2 | 2 | 2.0 |
Shoulder | ||||||||
Flexion | 0 | 96 | 7 | 1 | 97 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Extension | 1 | 95 | 7 | 1 | 96 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
Abduction | 4 | 92 | 7 | 3 | 94 | 6 | 3 | 3.0 |
Adduction | 0 | 96 | 7 | 0 | 97 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
Horizontal abduction | 1 | 95 | 7 | 2 | 95 | 6 | 1 | 1.0 |
Horizontal adduction | 0 | 94 | 9 | 2 | 95 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
External rotation | 2 | 94 | 7 | 2 | 95 | 6 | 1 | 1.0 |
Internal rotation | 2 | 92 | 9 | 2 | 95 | 6 | 1 | 1.0 |
Elbow | ||||||||
Flexion | 0 | 88 | 15 | 0 | 89 | 14 | 0 | 0 |
Extension | 0 | 88 | 15 | 0 | 89 | 14 | 0 | 0 |
Pronation | 1 | 85 | 17 | 1 | 85 | 17 | 0 | 0 |
Supination | 1 | 84 | 18 | 1 | 84 | 18 | 0 | 0 |
Wrist | ||||||||
Ulnar deviation | 8 | 12 | 83 | 8 | 10 | 85 | 3 | 10.7 |
Radial deviation | 8 | 13 | 82 | 7 | 11 | 85 | 3 | 10.3 |
Flexion | 7 | 14 | 82 | 7 | 11 | 85 | 3 | 10.3 |
Extension | 7 | 13 | 83 | 7 | 11 | 85 | 3 | 10.7 |
Metacarpophalangeal | ||||||||
Flexion | 6 | 7 | 90 | 7 | 6 | 90 | 2 | 10.0 |
Extension | 6 | 7 | 90 | 6 | 6 | 91 | 2 | 10.5 |
Abduction | 8 | 4 | 91 | 6 | 5 | 92 | 2 | 13.3 |
Interphalangeal | ||||||||
Flexion of proximal interphalangeal | 6 | 7 | 90 | 5 | 6 | 92 | 2 | 11.1 |
Extension of distal interphalangeal | 6 | 7 | 90 | 6 | 5 | 92 | 2 | 11.1 |
Thumb | ||||||||
Metacarpophalangeal flexion | 5 | 7 | 91 | 5 | 5 | 93 | 1 | 5.9 |
Interphalangeal flexion | 5 | 6 | 92 | 5 | 5 | 93 | 1 | 6.2 |
Palmar abduction | 5 | 5 | 93 | 6 | 4 | 93 | 1 | 6.7 |
Radial abduction | 6 | 4 | 93 | 6 | 3 | 94 | 1 | 6.7 |
Opposition | 5 | 4 | 94 | 4 | 4 | 95 | 1 | 7.1 |