|
Joesoef, et al. [85]
|
Indonesia
|
Cross-sectional
|
Pregnant women
|
Women with BV had more than a 2-fold increase in chlamydia and a 6-fold increase in gonorrhea
|
|
Keane, et al. [86]
|
London, UK
|
Case-control
|
Women attending genitourinary medicine clinics
|
Association between chlamydia and BV (odds ratio = 5.4)
|
|
Nilsson, et al. [87]
|
Stockholm, Sweden
|
Cross-sectional
|
Women attending family planning and youth clinics
|
BV is associated with sexual behavior risk factors similar to those associated with Chlamydia
|
|
Martin, et al. [88]
|
Mobasa, Kenya
|
Cohort
|
Sex workers
|
Absence of vaginal lactobacilli increased the risk of gonorrhea (hazard ratio = 1.7)
|
|
Wiesenfeld, et al. [89]
|
Pennsylvania, US
|
Cross-sectional
|
Non-pregnant women who sought care at STD clinics
|
Women with BV were more likely to test positive for N. gonorrhoeae (odds ratio = − 4.1 or C. trachomatis (OR = 3.4)
|
|
Ness, et al. [90]
|
Pennsylvania, Colorado, California, Alabama, South Carolina, US
|
Cohort
|
Women visiting planning clinics, university health clinics, gynecology clinics, and STD units
|
Baseline BV prevalence was associated with gonococcal or chlamydial genital infection (OR = 2.8)
|
|
Allsworth, et al. [91]
|
Rhode Island, US
|
Cohort
|
Women attending primary care, gynecology, and family planning clinics
|
Severity of BV (Nugent score >8) was associated with the incident of a STI (C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, or pelvic inflammatory disease)
|
|
Brotman, et al. [92]
|
Alabama, US
|
Cohort
|
Non-pregnant women visiting clinics for routine care
|
BV at the prior visit increased the risk of a subsequent C. trachomatis (hazard ratio = 1.9) and N. gonorrhoeae (hazard ratio = 1.8) infection
|
|
Gallo, et al. [93]
|
Alabama, US
|
Cohort
|
Women attending public STD clinics
|
BV increased the risk of gonorrhea/chlamydia (pairwise odds ratio = 1.6) and gonorrhea/chlamydia also increased the risk of BV (pairwise odds ratio = 2.4)
|
