Fig. 1
From: An ongoing search for potential targets and therapies for lethal sepsis
Redox modulation of HMGB1 immunological activities. The cysteine residues of HMGB1 can be divergently oxidized, which affects its chemokine or cytokine activities. Depending on the redox status, extracellular HMGB1 can either facilitate leukocyte recruitment or activation, resulting in rigorous inflammatory responses (cytokine storm) and organ dysfunction