From: Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases: challenges and opportunities for militaries
Vaccine | Year initiated | Military role |
---|---|---|
Smallpox | 1777 | Used by the Continental Army in 1777; Used by Prussian Army during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870 |
Yellow fever | 1900 | Demonstration of etiological agent and vector |
Typhoid fever | 1909 | British Army used early forms during the Anglo-Boer War; US Military developed killed typhoid vaccine for US Army and Navy personnel |
Tetanus | 1940 | Used by the US Army and Navy from 1940; Used by the Luftwaffe in World War II |
Cholera | 1940, 1980s | Injectable whole cell vaccines given to alert US Military Units until 1973 |
Hepatitis A | 1945, 1985 | US Military developed immunoglobulins and used in Korea and Vietnam in the 1960s; US Military supported safety, immunogenicity and efficacy studies |
Pneumococcus | 1945 | US Military tested first multivalent polysaccharide vaccine |
Diphtheria | 1950s | US Military sponsored reduced dose formulation |
Anthrax | 1950s | Early anthrax vaccines were developed by Dr George Wright of the U.S. Chemical Corps and his colleagues, and were licensed in 1970. |
Adenovirus | 1952-1969 | US Military developed killed bivalent and oral attenuated vaccine |
Influenza | 1957 | US Military developed first iterations of influenza vaccines and conducted trials among US service members |
Japanese Encephalitis | 1950s, 1980s | US Military performed vaccination efforts in World War II and later supported inactivated vaccine studies |
Plague | 1960s | US personnel in Vietnam and Southern Vietnam soldiers vaccinated in the 1960s |
Meningococcus | 1968 | US Military developed polysaccharide vaccine and supported clinical trials; Adopted by the Israeli Army in 1994 |
Rubella | 1972 | US Military developed technique for isolating virus used to develop the vaccine |
Measles | 1980 | US Military provided funding for development of an attenuated vaccine |