Table 4 Application of immune cells based on DDS in AD
From: Immune cells: potential carriers or agents for drug delivery to the central nervous system
Immune cells | Components | Loaded drugs/nanoparticles | Methods | Model | Functions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monocyte | Cell | Nerve growth factor | Trojan horse | Brain capillary endothelial cell monolayer | Migrate into brain slices | [183] |
Macrophage | Exosomes | Curcumin | Incubation and ultracentrifugal separation (pre-loading) | Stereotaxic-induced AD model | Target BBB and hippocampal nerve cells Inhibit hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein Ameliorate cognitive function | [184] |
|  | Exosomes | Silibinin | Incubation and differential ultracentrifugal separation (pre-loading) | Aβ1-42-induced AD model | Inhibition of Aβ aggregation Activate astrocytes Alleviate cognitive impairment | [186] |
| Â | RVG/TPP-modified membrane | MASLNs | Hypotonic lysis and centrifugal separation; Co-extrusion | APP/PS1 mice | Target BBB and neuronal mitochondria | [187] |
Microglia | Mannose-modified EVs | Gemfibrozil | Incubation and gradient centrifugation separation (pre-loading) | Aβ1-42-induced AD model | Target BBB and microglia Facilitate Aβ clearance via enhancing activity of microglial lysosome; Promoting cognitive recovery | [185] |
DC cell | Lamp2b overexpressing and RVG-fused exosomes | siRNA | Differential centrifugal separation and electroporation (post-loading) | BACE1 knockdown model mice | Target BBB, neurons, microglia, and oligodendrocytes Decrease amyloid plaques Induce immune responses | [59] |