Fig. 6

Adipsin improves cardiomyocyte FAO through the Irak2 signaling pathway. a Transmission electron microscopic images and quantitative analyses of mouse hearts depicting larger lipid droplets accumulation in various treatment groups (n = 6). Lipid droplets were marked by asterisks. Scale bar = 1 μm. b TG and MDA content in myocardial tissues (n = 8). c FAO evaluating with [3H]-oleic acid uptake (n = 6). d Oxidation pressure test of palmitate in cardiomyocytes from various treatment groups, and evaluation of FAO using quantitative analysis of maximum ΔOCR. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA. All data are represented with mean ± SD. ^†P < 0.05 vs. CHD + WT; ^‡P < 0.05 vs. HFD + NTg + Ad-shControl. CHD chow diet, HFD high-fat diet, Adipsin-Tg Adipsin tissue-specific transgenic mice, NTg nontransgenic mice, TG triglyceride, MDA malonaldehyde, FAO fatty acid β-oxidation, BSA bovine serum albumin, ETO etomoxir, PA palmitate, OCR oxygen consumption rate, OM oligomycin, FCCP fluoro-carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone, Rot/AA rotenone and antimycin A, △OCR oxygen consumption rate_{[PA-(PA+ETO)]}—oxygen consumption rate_{[BSA-(BSA+ETO)]}, Irak2 interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-like 2